钢筋混凝土结构的有限单元法：非线性分析

文中在完成了用虚拟层合单元对钢筋混凝土弹性分析的基础上，引入Ｂａｔｈｅ的混凝土的非线性本构关系及Ｐｒｏｄｇｏｓｋｉ破坏准则，进行钢筋混凝土结构的材料非线性三维有限元分析，对Ｂｒｅｓｌｅｒ－Ｓｃｏｒｄｅｌｉｓ梁的分析结果表明文中所采用的方法具有一定的精度和效率。     

混凝土弹塑性多轴损伤模型及其应用

针对混凝土多轴应力状态下各向异性损伤的特点,建立了各向异性弹塑性损伤模型.该模型具有可清晰地表征混凝土的渐进破坏过程和表达当前损伤水平及结构破坏趋势的优点.引入了一个应力状态因子,用以表征当前应力状态在应力空间中距离破坏面的程度,从而对损伤演化方程进行了改进以考虑多轴效应.此外,在三轴破坏准则的基础上,还建立了考虑混凝土各向异性损伤破坏的多轴损伤破坏准则,其中包含了塑性、损伤内变量和有效主应力的影响.本模型可有效地表达出混凝土的各向异性和多轴损伤特点.     

混凝土双向受力下非线性弹性本构关系的分析方法

介绍了基于非线性弹性理论建立的不同本构模型的分析方法,给出并推导了模型中各变量的表达形式,以便描述混凝土在压缩范围内及破坏前的非线性变形,作为建立混凝土本构理论精确数学模型的基础.这些弹性模型必须与定义材料的破坏准则、定义压溃的断裂准则和"应变软化"混凝土在破坏后的应力转换结合起来.     

含椭球夹杂体的异质结构全空间弹性场

异质结构半导体材料通常比均质半导体材料具有更优异的性能,但嵌入的夹杂体因晶格失配或热膨胀而产生的本征应变会对材料整体性能产生严重的影响。因此有必要对非均质夹杂体对异质结构的全空间弹性场的影响进行研究。根据Eshelby经典夹杂理论,综合考虑实际半导体材料的各向异性和非均质性,基于等效夹杂法和格林函数法建立了含椭球夹杂体的异质结构解析模型。为求解该模型,通过傅里叶变换和逆变换推导格林函数及其导数在实空间的精确数值积分,从而得到全空间弹性场的数值积分表达式,并与文献和有限元结果对比验证了模型的正确性并说明了材料各向异性假设的必要性。利用所建模型重点分析了非均质夹杂体的形状和材料参数对全空间应变场的影响。结果表明,非均质夹杂体的形状变化会使内部弹性场由平面应力状态转变为平面应变状态,且影响界面附近的应变大小和衰减程度。本征应变仅包含正应变分量时,最终弹性场不随具有正交或更高对称性晶体结构的夹杂体剪切弹性常数变化,而只和拉伸弹性常数有关,且整体变化趋势与夹杂体的拉压弹性常数变化趋势一致。     

材料线弹性断裂力学的断裂准则研究进展

 断裂准则在预测含裂纹材料发生破坏的时间、位置和裂纹扩展路径等方面具有重要意义。重点总结了线弹性材料中裂纹的断裂准则，阐述了应力强度因子准则、最大能量释放率准则、最大拉应力准则、最大拉应变准则、最小应变能密度准则等常用的断裂准则理论及其现状，以及这些准则的优点和局限性；基于常用断裂准则对应力分量和临界半径考虑不足，归纳了国内外学者提出的修正断裂准则，包括考虑T应力（非奇异项）和可变临界半径rc的影响。分析了断裂准则在岩石和混凝土脆性材料中的应用，针对基于断裂准则预测其破坏行为时存在的难题，建议将裂纹尖端应力场的高阶项T应力引入断裂准则，能更准确地预测裂纹的扩展路径与偏转角。     

各向异性粘弹性本构方程的本征表示

用规范空间理论,将几种工程上常见各向异性体的粘弹性响应,在材料自身异性子空间中以本征本构方程的形式给出,这使得对各向异性粘弹性过程的数学描述得以简化,而且方程中所含系数的物理意义明确,易于实验测定,计算也十分简便．     

平面各向异性哈密顿体系及圣维南问题的解析解

从Ｈｅｌｌｉｎｇｅｒ－Ｒｅｉｓｓｎｅｒ变分原理出发，导出了平面各向异性哈密顿体系的混合能变分原理及哈密顿型对偶方程组，从而使得分量变量及本征函数向量展开的直接解法得以实施，完成平面各向异性哈密顿求解新体系的建立。最后，应用零本征向量展开的直接法给出平面各向异性条形域圣维南问题的一个解析解法。     

金属材料断裂预测损伤破坏准则的应用

为了准确描述各向异性金属薄板的连续体损伤模型,在考虑剪切机制和剪切应力对金属板材损伤和最终破坏过程的作用,并计入材料微观损伤对材料性能影响的基础上,提出了一个有别于传统预测准则的改进的金属材料断裂预测损伤破坏准则.利用这一新的破坏准则,分析计算了几种常用金属板材的断裂极限应变曲线,并与传统的应力准则、应变准则以及试验数据进行了对比分析.结果表明,新的损伤破坏准则不仅符合材料破坏的实际曲线,而且准确地指出了几种金属材料的应用范围.     

最小速率可为零的中子迁移算子的谱

在最一般的条件下，对最小速率可为零的含任意空穴的任何非均匀凸介质中，具各向异性和连续能量的中予迁移算子，论证了其严格占优本征值的存在性。     

各向异性功能梯度材料板反平面断裂问题的力学模型

借助弹性力学理论、断裂力学知识及微积分方法，讨论各向异性功能梯度材料裂纹板在沿z轴方向剪切栽荷作用下的反平面断裂问题。将材料常数（刚度系数）设为空间变量Y的任意函数，建立了各向异性功能梯度材料板的反平面断裂力学模型，即一类偏微分方程边值问题。再将材料常数依次设为空间变量Y的指数函数和幂函数，建立了相应的反平面断裂力学模型，即一系列偏微分方程边值问题。这些模型是研究有关各向异性功能梯度材料板反平面断裂问题的一个出发点和理论基础，具有一定的参考价值。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.