载荷分布对可控扩散叶型性能的影响

叶型吸力面和压力面等熵马赫数分布符合控制扩散规律,则其设计点损失小、低损失攻角范围大。为了研究可控扩散叶型载荷分布对叶栅气动性能的影响,建立了可控扩散叶型自动优化设计方法;并对叶栅进口马赫数为0.7的静子和转子叶型进行多个载荷分布设计,分析载荷分布规律对叶栅性能的影响。结果表明对于静子及转子叶型,载荷前移(至0.1倍相对轴向弦长位置)可抑制吸力面附面层发展,降低设计进气角损失、增大低损失攻角范围;吸力面峰值马赫数增大,吸力面靠前缘凸起程度越大,小攻角损失增加、最低损失对应进气角增大。     

中弧线参数化曲线形式对压气机叶栅性能的影响

不同形式的参数化曲线由于曲率特征不同,使得构造的压气机二维叶型几何存在差异,进而影响压气机叶片气动性能。本文针对二维叶型MAN GHH 1-S1,分别采用贝塞尔曲线、多项式曲线、曲率积分曲线构造叶型中弧线,并通过数值模拟,讨论中弧线参数化曲线形式对叶栅性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,曲率积分方案的改型叶栅能有效降低各攻角工况的叶型损失,并且拓宽攻角适应性范围。     

波纹度偏差对高负荷压气机叶型的影响

基于对压气机叶片局部加工质量的分析，针对描述波纹度的关键参数，提出了描述波纹度加工偏差的正弦函数数学模型。该模型针对叶片加工型面存在的“微小波纹”现象，用幅值、频率和初始相位高效直观地体现了波纹度的波纹高度、波纹宽度和波纹初始相位参数。以某发动机高负荷叶型为对象，采用数值模拟手段研究了波纹度偏差关键几何参数对压气机高亚声速叶型气动性能的影响规律及机理。结果显示：在波纹宽度与起始相位相同的前提下，攻角范围会随着波纹高度的增加而减小，叶背局部波纹高度增加会导致流动损失增加；加工质量差的波纹高度大且波纹宽度小的叶型性能退化最严重，Ma=0.8时损失系数相较于设计叶型至少升高24.2%。根据文中结果对现有加工工艺提出两点建议：其一，叶背波纹高度较小和波纹宽度较大，若能保证其中之一，能使得叶型性能下降程度不显著；其二，可根据叶型的低损失攻角范围选择性接受叶背起始加工偏差状态。     

轮廓度与扭转角偏差对压气机气动性能的影响

压气机叶片实际加工过程中,会出现叶片轮廓度、扭转角等加工超差,对压气机气动性能产生影响。采用S1流面计算和三维数值计算的方法分别研究了轮廓度及扭转角偏差对亚音速压气机气动性能的影响,计算结果表明:轮廓度增大,叶型最小损失值增大;堵点流量逐渐降低,轮廓度为0. 08 mm时,堵点流量减小了1%;峰值效率逐渐降低,但降低幅度较小。扭转角偏差对性能的影响来自于前缘偏转对进口喉道面积与尾缘偏转对叶片出口气流角的改变;扭转角偏差对叶型最小损失值影响不大,±0. 35°扭转角偏差范围对叶片的低损失攻角范围影响较小;扭转角向前缘打开方向增大,流量-压比特性线向右上方平移;扭转角向前缘关闭方向增大,流量-压比特性线向左下方平移;扭转角偏差0. 35°,最大流量减小了0. 67%;扭转角偏差对峰值效率点的影响微弱。     

串列叶栅前后排叶型对叶片损失的影响

为了研究串列叶栅前后排叶片叶型变化对叶片损失的影响,采用数值模拟方法,对三种不同叶型组合的平面串列叶栅在0°攻角工况下,进行了总压损失分布和损失机理分析。研究结果表明,前排叶片的叶型,尤其是前缘形状的改变对串列叶栅的总压损失分布有显著影响;而后排叶片的叶型变化造成的影响较小;参数L=ρV03/T反映了附面层内熵增的难易程度。由于前排叶片前缘附近的L值要远大于后排叶片,从而导致串列叶栅的总压损失对前排叶片的叶型变化更加敏感。     

基于弯掠参数控制的压气机动叶优化设计

通过数值模拟方法对NASA Stage35单级轴流压气机原型性能进行计算,选取合理的Bezier和B样条拟合曲线控制点个数来完成压气机动叶参数化拟合,获得参数化叶型.基于人工神经网络和遗传算法相结合的优化设计体系,通过控制叶片的弯掠特性参数对动叶进行寻优计算,最终提高压气机绝热效率.对比发现,对动叶的弯掠特性进行优化可以改变激波位置,减小叶片表面附面层的分离区,优化流场通道内的流动结构,减少流动损失,从而有效提高压气机的绝热效率.     

采用鲸鱼算法的可控扩散叶型优化设计

为提升可控扩散叶型MANGHH在高空低雷诺数条件下的气动性能,建立了一套结合类别形状函数变换方法、S1流面求解程序、鲸鱼优化算法的优化设计系统,具有参数较少、易于实现、求解快速等优势。经单峰函数和多峰函数测试表明,鲸鱼优化算法的寻优能力明显高于粒子群优化算法和引力搜索算法。研究表明:与初始叶型相比,优化叶型在-4°、0°、6°攻角下总压损失分别降低了55.9%、16.1%、16.3%;在不同的攻角下,优化叶型吸力面的载荷峰值前移,减缓了边界层位移厚度的增长速率,削弱了尾缘附近的流动分离,并且随着来流马赫数的增大,优化叶型的总压损失减小幅度增大;随着来流湍流度的增大,初始叶型的总压损失先减小后增大,优化叶型的总压损失由于湍流耗散能力增强而增大,但总压损失始终低于初始叶型,气动性能显著提升。     

高负荷扩压静叶中附面层抽吸策略的设计与优化

以某高负荷、大折转角扩压静叶为研究对象,采用数值方法进行了二维叶型和全三维流动层面的附面层抽吸策略设计与优化研究.从流动机理和作用机制出发,揭示附面层抽吸减小流动分离、改善压气机性能的原因.研究结果表明,在实施二维叶型的附面层抽吸时,效果最佳的抽吸位置位于流动分离起始点后的临近区域;进行三维抽吸时,采取叶片表面全叶高抽吸缝和下端壁沿流向抽吸缝的复合抽吸方式,可以有效地控制静叶吸力面及角区的强三维分离流动,改善叶栅流动条件,提高性能.     

多级跨声速轴流压气机几何参数化造型方法及增压特性分析

为发展高性能多级跨声速压气机先进设计体系，提出了压气机多圆弧叶型、多圆弧厚度分布叶型及修正NACA 6-系列叶型造型方法，利用NASA/GE研发的高效节能发动机E³高压压气机前6.5级的准三维设计数据，建立了相应的压气机三维几何参数化模型，并通过数值模拟研究了造型压气机在多个转速下的内部流动及增压特性。结果表明：在100%设计转速近最高效率点处，造型压气机的质量流量与设计目标及与原型压气机试验结果的误差分别为0.4%和0.6%,绝热效率的误差分别为1.9%和0.9%;造型压气机模拟及原型压气机试验所得总压比均低于设计目标；前排跨声转子叶片气动负荷过大导致激波脱体严重是压气机的主要设计不足，改善叶片气动负荷分布、缓解叶片溢流是提升压气机气动性能尤其是设计点总压比的有效方法。研究成果对开展多级跨声速压气机设计优化具有参考价值。     

轴流压气机串列静子叶片弯掠设计优化

为了提高轴流压气机的串列静子在不同工况下的静压比与总压恢复系数,采用高自由度的复合弯掠三维叶片造型设计方法,对其前后排叶片进行协同双目标优化设计。设计优化研究表明：弯掠优化设计显著抑制了正攻角工况下串列静子叶片流道内的气流分离,缓解了负攻角工况下串列静子叶片缝隙通道内的气流堵塞。最后优化的弯掠叶型在正和负攻角工况下,静压比分别提升了0.99%和0.71%,总压恢复系数分别提升了0.89%和0.72%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to