土木工程专业《工程地质》课程教改探讨

《工程地质》是土木工程专业的主要专业基础课。但随着国民经济的发展,更多更新的工程地质问题不断出现,传统的《工程地质》教育方法、思路和内容急需要修改,以适应新形式下工程地质学科的发展和社会对土木工程专业人材多方面的需求。论文探讨了《工程地质》课程教改的必要性,指出应从人材培养目标定位、教学重点、学时分配和课程特色上进行教学内容改革;在教学方法上,除了传统的理论教学外,还应丰富教学手段,增加工程地质热点问题的专题讨论和培养学生自主实习能力。     

面向应用型人才培养的工程地质实践模式研究

工程地质是水利、土木类专业的基础课程,是一门实践性很强的课程,如何在课堂上、校内实验课和野外地质实习中有效体现实践性教学是一个值得探讨的问题。本论述以兰州理工大学(以下简称该校)水利工程地质学课程为例,通过多年来教学实践,从教学资源、内容、方法和考评体系等方面总结了面向应用型人才培养的实践教学模式,以保证实习教学的有效开展和教学质量的提升。     

土木工程专业《工程地质学》创新教学模式的构建

工程地质是高等教育学校中土木工程．地质工程等专业本科生的一门重要的基础理论课。学时少，知识涉及面广，教学效果难以保证。针对课程特性，构建创新教学模式，采用多媒体课堂讲授为主，辅以室内试验及野外认识实习，使学生获得对基本地质现象的感性认识，巩固和加深所学的理论知识，培养学生用工程地质思维来观察和分析实际问题的能力，为毕业以后的设计，施工中应用有关地质资料以及个人专业知识水平的提高打下一个良好的基础。     

浅谈工程地质的现状及发展

工程地质学科目前正在经历着前所未有的挑战,工程地质专业处境尴尬,工程地质勘察的市场竞争也有真假之别,工程地质分析与研究的深度和广度严重不足,工程地质新技术新方法的应用尚有较大差距,工程地质在工程建设中留下的隐患具有长期性和隐伏性。工程地质面临的困境,向工程建设敲响了警钟,也向地质师们提出了更大的难题。     

浅谈当前工程地质面临新的机遇和挑战

工程地质专业在工程建设中具有十分重要的位置,近年来,工程地质勘察质量有下滑现象,工程地质分析不够深入,有的甚至出现工程地质评价的结论性错误,故此,笔者对工程地质面临的新的机遇和挑战作了粗浅的分析。     

试论工程地质和构造地质的关系

构造地质学是一门研究地壳或岩石圈的地质构造的基础学科,它在工程地质设计中有着十分重要的意义,为工程地质学的发展提供了十分重要的保障。阐述了构造地质和工程地质的关系,分析了构造地质用于工程地质方面的具体方面,希望能给同行进行参考和借鉴。     

基于学科属性的工程地质课程教学思考

工程地质学是在研究人类工程活动与地质环境的相互关联和相互制约的过程中产生的,其学科属性既具有地质特点,也具有工程特点.这种独特的学科属性,决定了在教学过程中,这两种特点都要兼备.在理论教学上,优化教学内容,加强基础地质;利用现代科技手段,改进教学方式方法.在实践教学上,室内实验要丰富充实,野外实习要强化;基础地质的实践要加强,工程地质方面的实践要充实.     

中国工程地质评价现状分析

以中国工程地质调查工作任务的转变作为切入点,归纳了几种常见的工程地质评价,包括工程地质条件评价、工程地质适宜性评价以及工程地质环境质量评价等,创新性提出了广义工程地质评价.通过分析相关文献,列举出工程地质评价常用的3类方法:利用指标权重的评价法、聚类分析法以及BP神经网络法,分析了各类方法的适用条件与优缺点.梳理了冻土地区、黄土地区、红层地区以及岩溶地区4类特殊地区工程地质评价特点、评价内容以及评价方法.在此基础上,总结出了工程地质评价尚未形成完整的科学体系、评价结果量化程度不高、评价的创新性不强以及评价过程中过于依赖计算机技术等问题.最终提出了工程地质评价工作应突出综合性、加强融合性、提升实用性的合理化建议.     

我国工程地质遥感技术应用特点与若干问题探讨

简要介绍了工程选线、选址勘测中遥感技术的应用概况;阐述了工程地质遥感技术应用的特点,认为工程地质遥感技术应用有别于其他领域;强调了我国工程地质遥感技术应用与其他国家不同,形成了我国自己的应用特点,这些特点是由我国国情决定的;探讨了工程地质遥感技术应用的若干问题,包括遥感图像判释,遥感图像处理、数据综合分析、施工阶段遥感技术应用等。     

关于我国工程地质勘查工作问题的若干思考

人类历史刚刚翻开新千年新世纪的第一页,一场以高新技术为前导的产业革命却早已开始了,工程地质学科必将在这场革命中获得新生。当然,更应该看到技术的每一次革命性进步,都伴随着矛盾与冲突,特别是体制和机制问题,是生产力与生产关系的相互作用,需要协调与适应,改革就成为必然。近年来,工程地质勘察质量有下滑现象,工程地质分析不够深入,有的甚至出现工程地质评价的结论性错误。主要分析在工程地质相关过程中存在的主要问题及有效解决措施。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.