过表达番茄叶绿体小分子热激蛋白提高植株的耐热性

小分子热激蛋白是植物受到热胁迫后的主要表达产物之一,与植物细胞耐热有密切关系．我们将由CaMV35S启动子驱动的叶绿体小分子热激蛋白cDNA导入番茄,Northern及Western印迹分析表明,叶绿体小分子热激蛋白在转基因番茄中呈现组成型表达,通过测定转基因番茄和未转基因番茄的耐热性,发现转基因株系基础耐热性强于对照,说明叶绿体小分子热激蛋白的过量表达提高了植株的基础耐热性．     

过表达内质网小分子热激蛋白提高拟南芥的衣霉素抗性

内质网小分子热激蛋白是热激蛋白家族成员,具有分子伴侣活性.当植物受到内质网胁迫(ER-stress)时,内质网小分子热激蛋白具有缓解内质网胁迫的功能.我们将CaMV35S启动子驱动的内质网小分子热激蛋白基因AtHSP22.0导入拟南芥,Northern-blotting印迹分析表明,内质网小分子热激蛋白在转基因拟南芥中呈现组成型表达.转基因株系衣霉素抗性强于对照,说明AtHSP22.0的过量表达增强了拟南芥的衣霉素抗性,缓解了ER-stress.     

小分子热激蛋白LEHSP23.8在番茄花药与子房中的表达

本实验研究了正常发育温度和热胁迫温度下,番茄花药和子房中线粒体小分子热激蛋白LEHSP23.8的表达,揭示了线粒体定位的sHSP在花药和子房中的组成性表达特征.研究结果还表明,当热激温度略高于西粉三号番茄花粉粒正常发育的最高临界温度时,LEHSP23.8在花药和子房中的表达明显增强.本文讨论了这些生理现象的可能起因,以及花药和子房中组成性表达的sHSP的生物学意义.     

核黄素诱导番茄抗病性与Pti蛋白激酶基因表达

研究了核黄素诱导番茄对丁香假单胞菌番茄致病变种（Pseudom onas syringaepv.tomato）的抗性及相关防卫反应.核黄素诱导处理后,番茄对P.syringaepv.tomato的抗性增强,蛋白激酶基因Pti4,Pti5,Pti6和抗病防卫基因PR-1a,GluA,GluB,ChtA,ChtB表达量提高,水杨酸含量明显升高.蛋白激酶抑制剂K252 a可以部分抑制这些基因的表达,取消核黄素对水杨酸的诱导作用,可减弱诱导抗病性的程度.这些结果表明,核黄素诱导的抗病性受植物细胞内多种信号传导因子控制.     

以提高乙肝病毒表面抗原表达量和免疫原性为目的的番茄果实特异表达载体的构建

为了提高乙肝病毒表面抗原基因在番茄果实中的表达量和免疫原性,采用克隆的E8番茄果实特异表达启动子和乙肝病毒表面抗原M蛋白基因构建了植物表达载体pBIES2, 及只含有乙肝病毒表面抗原S蛋白的表达载体pBIES,并将它们分别导入根癌农杆菌LBA4404中.最后对该载体的优越性进行了讨论.     

番茄Pti基因瞬时表达与互作检测

丁香假单胞菌所导致的细菌性斑点病是影响番茄产量和品质的重要病害,而番茄色氨酸苏氨酸激酶(Pto)是植物识别、防御这一病原菌的重要抗性蛋白。文章通过克隆番茄Pti(Pto interaction protein)基因Pti4、Pti5和Pti6,分别构建植物表达载体,利用农杆菌介导方法在烟草叶片中进行瞬时表达和western blotting检测,并进一步利用免疫共沉淀技术,在植物体系中检测了它们与番茄Pto蛋白的相互作用。实验结果表明,利用所构建Pti4、Pti5和Pti6基因植物表达载体,在烟草中获得了预期大小Pti4、Pti5和Pti6蛋白,并在植物体系中验证了它们与Pto蛋白的相互作用。该工作为深入研究Pti基因在番茄分子免疫途径的功能奠定了基础。     

Pyrococcus furiosus小分子热休克蛋白Pfu-sHSP的克隆表达和纯化

用PCR扩增嗜高温菌Pyrococcus furiosus的小分子热休克蛋白基因后，克隆于质粒p17473中．该小分子热休克蛋白Pfu－sHSP含有较多的稀有密码子，在大肠杆菌BL21（DE），几乎无表达，而在带有大肠杆菌稀有密码子AGA（arg）AGG（arg），AUA（ile）和CUA（1eu）的BL21--Codonplus（BE）3－RIL中能大量表达．大量表达Pfu-sHSP蛋白的细胞用超声波破碎后，离心沉淀用85℃水浴20min，再离心，上清液再以Q Sepha—rose Fast Flow阴离子交换和S-200凝胶过滤层析进一步纯化，可以得到90％以上的蛋白．     

植物寒冻抗性分子机理研究进展

耐冷植物的耐冷性是由未驯化时即拥有的"固有耐冷性"和"冷驯化后增加的抗冻性"两部分组成.固有耐冷性的形成主要是由于其细胞膜中含有较多的不饱和脂肪酸、细胞的抗氧化系统可满足其冷保护需求、细胞的骨架体系在低温胁迫时可进行适当的调整.而冷驯化后增加的抗冻性主要是由于启动了大量冷诱导基因的表达,合成了多种冷诱导蛋白,它们通过改善细胞的各种结构、调节细胞物质和能量代谢的平衡等过程使植物体的抗冻性得以大大提升.用50篇文献综述了植物抗冻性方面的研究成果,旨在为植物的防冻减灾以及抗冻育种提供理论指导.     

植物无标记转化的诱导表达Cre/loxP重组系统的构建

应用Cre/loxP系统位点专一性重组的特点构建诱导表达的定位重组系统,用以特异性的敲除转基因植物的标记基因.为了获得诱导表达启动子,从大豆基因组DNA中用pfu酶克隆热激蛋白启动子gmhsp17.5c,将其克隆到pUC118-HincⅡ载体并测序.结果表明,508nt的gmhsp17.5c与已报道序列(GenBank,AF544399)比较,核苷酸的同源性为99.8%.利用该诱导启动子分别构建了含gmhs p17.5c-cre基因组件和gmhsp17.5c-gus基因组的诱导型植物表达载体pC23HC和pC23HG.此外1个含有loxP-gus-loxP组件的组成型植物表达载体pC23LG被构建.通过对3个植物表达载体做多重酶切及亚克隆后测序分析表明载体pC23HC全长10947bp,载体pC23HG全长11396bp,载体pC23LG全长11900bp,符合预期设计.一套由pC23HC和pC23LG组成的植物无标记转化的诱导表达Cre/loxP重组系统被构建,为进一步将诱导表达的标记基因删除系统用于植物的无标记转化奠定基础.     

番茄ACC合成酶基因的反义RNA—核酶嵌合基因植物表达载体的构建及对番茄的转

将克隆的番茄ACC合成酶基因的反义RNA－核酶联合的DNA序列用Hind Ⅲt KpnI切割后重组于植物表达载体pGA643中,用三亲融全导入农杆菌LBA4404中,采用叶盘法转化茄子叶,诱导出再生小植株,获得了卡那霉素的抗性植株。提取植物总DNA,用pGA643作探针,通过斑点杂交,已筛选出整合有外源基因的工程植株。为进一步研究该嵌合基因对ACC合成酶基因表达的影响及获得商品化的转基因番茄奠定了基础。     

Mitochondrial heat-shock protein hsp60 is essential for assembly of proteins imported into yeast mitochondria

A nuclear encoded mitochondrial heat-shock protein hsp60 is required for the assembly into oligomeric complexes of proteins imported into the mitochondrial matrix. hsp60 is a member of the 'chaperonin' class of protein factors, which include the Escherichia coli groEL protein and the Rubisco subunit-binding protein of chloroplasts.     

Requirement for hsp70 in the mitochondrial matrix for translocation and folding of precursor proteins

By analysis of a temperature-sensitive yeast mutant, a heat-shock protein in the matrix of mitochondria, mitochondrial hsp70 (Ssc1p), is found to be involved both in translocation of nuclear-encoded precursor proteins across the mitochondrial membranes and in (re)folding of imported proteins in the matrix.     

Hsp104 is a highly conserved protein with two essential nucleotide-binding sites

Most eukaryotic cells produce proteins with relative molecular masses in the range of 100,000 to 110,000 after exposure to high temperatures. These proteins have been studied only in yeast and mammalian cells. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, heat-shock protein hsp104 is vital for tolerance to heat, ethanol and other stresses. The mammalian hsp110 protein is nucleolar and redistributes with growth state, nutritional conditions and heat shock. The relationships between hsp110, hsp104 and the high molecular mass heat-shock proteins of other organisms were unknown. We report here that hsp104 is a member of the highly conserved ClpA/ClpB protein family first identified in Escherichia coli and that additional heat-inducible members of this family are present in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and in mammals. Mutagenesis of two putative nucleotide-binding sites in hsp104 indicates that both are essential for function in thermotolerance.     

Heat shock in Escherichia coli alters the protein-binding properties of the chaperonin groEL by inducing its phosphorylation.

When bacterial or eukaryotic cells are exposed to high temperatures or other harsh conditions, they respond by synthesis of a specific set of heat-shock proteins. Certain heat-shock proteins such as groEL, called 'chaperonins', can prevent misfolding and promote the refolding and proper assembly of unfolded polypeptides generated under harmful conditions. We report here a new aspect of the heat-shock response in Escherichia coli: at high temperatures a fraction of groEL becomes modified covalently, altering its interaction with unfolded proteins. The heat-modified form can be eluted with ATP from an unfolded protein more easily than normal groEL. The critical heat-induced modification seems to be phosphorylation, which is reversed on return to low temperature. Treatment of the modified groEL with phosphatases caused its apparent size, charge and binding properties to resemble those of the unmodified form. Thus during heat shock some groEL is reversibly phosphorylated, which allows its ATP-dependent release from protein substrates in the absence of its usual cofactor (groES), and probably promotes the repair of damaged polypeptides.     

热激和热胁迫过程中玉米幼苗谷胱甘肽还原酶活性和同工酶的变化

 以玉米品种晴3和大黄为材料,研究结果表明热激幼苗的存活率比未热激幼苗高,这说明热激提高了玉米幼苗的抗热性.热激幼苗的谷胱甘肽还原酶活性明显高于未经热激的幼苗,同时热激处理后,GR的同工酶谱在整个热胁迫期间与对照相比也存在差异,说明热激过程中谷胱甘肽还原酶活性的升高和同工酶的变化与玉米幼苗的抗热性相关.