富硒鲍鱼菇的深层培养及其特性

报导在含有不同浓度无机硒的液体培养基中培养鲍鱼菇菌丝体，探讨其耐硒和富硒特性。结果表明：鲍鱼菇有较强的耐硒特性和很强的富硒能力，鲍鱼菇菌丝体硒含量随培养基质硒浓度的增加而增高，在培养基中添加硒量为５μｇ／ｍｌ时，富硒鲍鱼菇菌丝体含硒量可达２００μｇ／ｍｌ时，为对照的４０倍，硒回收率达３８．８％，其氨基酸及多糖含量均高于对照。     

活性干酵母富硒培养条件的研究

以安琪活性干酵母为出发菌种,分析了培养基初始硒浓度、接种量、装液量、温度、初始pH以及转速等发酵条件对酵母生物量及富硒量的影响,并通过正交试验设计初步确定了培养的最优方案.在最佳的摇瓶培养条件下(初始硒浓度25μg/mL,接种量10%,装液量60/250 mL,温度30℃,初始pH 5.0,摇床转速160 r/min,培养40 h后),该活性干酵母的生物量及富硒量分别达到9.89 g/L、954 μg/g.     

假丝酵母（Candida antarctic WSH 112）生产生物表面活性剂及降解正构烷烃的研究

研究了假丝酵母ＷＨＳ１１２以豆油为唯一碳源生产生物表面活性剂甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂的摇瓶发酵条件,得到的最适条件分别为接种量５％－８％,氮源为０．２％ＮａＮＯ３,温度为２５℃,２５０ｍｌ三角瓶装液量为３０ｍｌ,初ｐＨ６．０;通过逐步增大正构烷烃浓度的方法进行了实验室内的菌种诱导改良工作,并通过     

灵芝深层培养工艺的研究

为了提高发酵终了时灵芝菌丝浓度以获取高等真菌多糖，对灵芝ＡＳ．５．６５的深层培养工艺进行了研究。确定了最适发酵条件为：５％玉米淀粉、０．３％玉米浆、１％豆饼粉、０．６％糖蜜、０．１５％ＫＨ２ＰＯ４、０．０７５％ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ，ｐＨ５．５～６．０，温度２８℃，摇床转速１５０ｒ／ｍｉｎ，摇瓶种子培养３ｄ接种。接种量５％、装液量５０ｍＬ，培养５～６ｄ可终止发酵。最终菌体干重可达２７．５ｇ／Ｌ、含粗多糖２．６ｇ／Ｌ。     

假丝酵母(Candida antarctic WSH112)生产生物表面活性剂及降解正构烷烃的研究

研究了假丝酵母ＷＨＳ１１２以豆油为唯一碳源生产生物表面活性剂甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂（ＭＥＬ）的摇瓶发酵条件,得到的最适条件分别为接种量５％～８％（ｖ／ｖ）,氮源为０．２％ＮａＮＯ３,温度为２５℃,２５０ｍｌ三角瓶装液量为３０ｍｌ,初始ｐＨ６．０;通过逐步增大正构烷烃浓度的方法进行了实验室内的菌种诱导改良工作,并通过初步研究发现,该菌种在产生生物表面活性剂的同时,对正构烷烃具有较好的降解能力（＞９０％）。     

尖顶羊肚菌深层发酵菌丝体营养成分的研究

利用采自甘南的尖顶羊肚菌菌株，经人工引种驯化、组织分离，用摇瓶培养制得菌种，并经发酵罐放大进行深层发酵制得发酵液和菌丝体，以此为样品，分别测定了其中所含的营养成分     

灵芝液体发酵培养条件的研究

灵芝的菌丝可获布于整个液体之中,所以菌丝发育比在固体培养基上迅速。我们采用液体摇瓶培养方法,对灵芝液体发醇培养的适宜温度,摇瓶装置,摇瓶振荡频率,培养基初始ＰＨ值进行了探讨,结果表明：灵芝液体发酵的适宜温度为２６℃,摇瓶装置为１２０ｍｌ／５００ｍｌ三角瓶,摇瓶振荡频率为１００－１２０次／分,培养基初始ＰＨ值为６．０－６．５。     

富硒鸡腿菇菌丝体深层发酵培养基的优化

研究营养因子对鸡腿菇菌丝体生长和富硒的影响,筛选到适合鸡腿菇富硒深层发酵的优化培养基配方为:葡萄糖2%,玉米粉4%,花生粕0.4%,KH2PO4 0.2%,MgSO4·7H2O0.1%,VB1 10×10-3 g/L,Na2SeO3 4.4×10-3 g/L.在此优化培养基的基础上进行5 d的摇瓶发酵培养,得到菌丝体生物量为18.14 g/L,富硒率为56.35%.     

白木耳深层发酵培养基的选择

以食用菌白木耳为试验菌种，通过斜面、摇瓶培养及深层发酵正交实验，研究了各培养阶段的基质组成。其结果得出，种子摇瓶培养基（ｇ／１００ｍｌ）：马铃薯２０％、葡萄糖２％、蛋白胨０．２％、ＫＨ_２ＰＯ_４０．１５％、ＭｎＳＯ_４０．０１％、ＣＭＣ－Ｎａ１％。深层发酵培养基组成为：土豆汁１．５％、玉米粉２．０％、麸皮３％、ＫＨ_２ＰＯ_４０．２％、吐温－８０为０．１％，其发酵产物菌丝体中所含粗多糖达１３．２３％，蛋白质含量为３２．８３％、氨基酸为１９．７５ｍｇ／１００ｇ干菌葡萄体，必需氨基酸为７．６７ｍｇ／１００ｇ干菌丝体。     

富硒金针菇菌种的诱变选育

以金针菇SD01为出发菌株，制备原生质体，经紫外诱变原生质体，筛选诱变株，最后得到一株具有稳定遗传性的富硒金针菇菌株SD69，经摇瓶培养和栽培后，对子实体中的硒含量进行分析，其硒含量可达41．26μg／g．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-