不同情境牡丹鹦鹉鸣叫的特征及节律研究

用mp3采集声音、记录,用Cool edit2000和Wavesurfer等2种声音软件进行分析,对在不同情境下的牡丹鹦鹉(Psittacula agapornis)鸣声与行为的关系进行了探究.结果表明:牡丹鹦鹉的鸣声主要有单脉冲鸣声、双脉冲鸣声和多脉冲鸣声,3种鸣声在时域和频域存在差异;雄性鸣声种类较多;鸣声的分布独雄>独雌>雌雄混合,呈早>中>晚分布;独处时和共处时的鸣声脉冲持续时间不同.雄鸟比雌鸟鸣叫强.     

海拔梯度对山噪鹛鸣声的影响

环境因素是鸟类鸣声特征分化的重要驱动力.海拔梯度对鸟类鸣声特征的影响少见报道.以我国特有种山噪鹛(Garrulax davidi)为对象,通过分析其鸣声的声学复杂度指数、声学多样性指数、声音均匀度指数、声学丰富度、生物声学指数、声学熵、振幅指数、标准声景差异指数、频峰数等特征,发现声学多样性指数与声学熵随海拔梯度增加先升高后降低,其最大值分别出现在海拔1 718米和1 646米处.声学均匀度指数随海拔梯度增加先降低后升高,最小值产生在海拔1 783米处.这表明中海拔地区山噪鹛鸣声变异无序度最高而均匀度最低,也意味着中海拔地区鸟类物种多样性比高海拔与低海拔地区更丰富.其原因可能与中海拔地区较高的植物物种多样性有关.研究有助于揭示海拔梯度对山噪鹛鸣声的影响规律,加深对鸣禽响应环境变化的理解.     

雌性牡丹鹦鹉叫声的声学分析

以成年雌性牡丹鹦鹉(Psittacula agapornis)为实验材料,用mp3采集声音、记录,Cool edit2000和wave-surfer软件对牡丹鹦鹉声音进行分析.结果表明,各种类型鸣声的频域特征基本一致,说明牡丹鹦鹉的叫声处于比较稳定的状态.主频在不同鸣叫类型中各有差异,单鸣声相对幅值最小.探讨了牡丹鹦鹉各类鸣声在时域和频域方面的差异,为有关亚鸣禽类鸣叫特征及其行为方面的研究提供资料.     

川中丘陵地区黑尾蜡嘴雀繁殖期声行为的初步研究

2008年3—8月,在四川省南充市郊通过野外观察、录音、室内计算机处理及声谱分析对黑尾蜡嘴雀繁殖期的行为和鸣声之间的联系做了初步研究．黑尾蜡嘴雀有占区、驱逐、求偶、报警、屈服、飞行、采食、召唤等鸣声,结合鸣声和行为之间的联系确定了每种鸣声的生物学意义．通过对862组鸣声样本8种鸣声的声学特征进行统计、对比和分析,发现黑尾蜡嘴雀的鸣声结构简单音节类型较少,鸣叫过程中往往出现高度的音节重复现象,并多有谐波;各类鸣声在声学特征的各个方面都存在不同程度的差异．     

长白山北坡访花昆虫研究(Ⅲ)——访花昆虫多样性

2004—2005年6—9月对长白山北坡各垂直带访花昆虫进行了系统调查研究,并用各种多样性指数对访花昆虫的多样性进行了测度.研究结果表明,该区访花昆虫有251种,分别隶属于9目、62科、179属.群落的α多样性分析表明,不同群落多样性指数从高到低的变化顺序是:针阔混交林群落>针叶林群落>岳桦林群落>苔原带群落;不同月份多样性指数从高到低的变化顺序是:7月末>7月中旬>6月末>6月中旬>8月中旬>9月初;在4个不同群落中,针阔混交林群落访花昆虫的物种数、个体数、物种多样性指数及物种均匀度指数均高于其他群落;群落的相似性分析和聚类分析表明,各不同群落访花昆虫之间的相似性差异显著,访花昆虫群落多样性变化主要与植被类型有关.     

笼养状态下白领凤鹛声行为的初步研究

2006年12月-2007年7月,对从四川省成都市鸟市购买的8,只（4♀,4♂）野外白领凤鹛（Yuhina diademma）的鸣声与行为进行了记录观察,并对主要日常鸣声进行了声谱分析．其结果表明：自领凤鹛具有恫吓、报警、惊叫、召唤、求救、采食、飞行、应答和求偶炫耀等9种鸣声;日常的鸣声主要以采食、飞行和召唤3种声音为主,惊叫、召唤和求救3种鸣声常常连续发生．本文通过白领凤鹛的鸣声与行为之间的联系,初步探讨了其鸣声的生物学意义．     

钦州港红树林昆虫群落及其多样性初步研究

对钦州港红树林昆虫群落及其多样性进行了初步研究，结果：钦州港红树林昆虫种类较少，有２０种；优势种为黑褐圆盾蚧、白囊蓑蛾和海滨伊蚊；在秋季，卷蛾科的Ｌａｓｉｏｇｎａｔｈａｓｐ．发生猖獗，造成大面积桐花树受害；昆虫群落的多样性和均匀性在各季节均较低，这与现钦州港红树林生态地理环境遭受严重破坏密切相关。     

南亚热带退化生态系统恢复中昆虫群落的研究

报道了广东省鹤山市南亚热带丘陵四种人工林的昆虫群落特征,在四种昆虫群落中,只有针叶混交林昆虫群落的种一多度曲线符合Fisher的对数级数模型,其他三种昆虫群落的种一多度曲线基本符合Preston的对数正态分布。四种昆虫群落的优势类群较为一致,均为鳞翅目Lepidoptera昆虫,且优势科均为螟蛾科Pyraloidae;但各昆虫群落的优势种却明显不同,针叶混交林昆虫群落的优势种十分明显,为松突圆盾蚧Hemiberlesia pitysophila,其优势度指数高达0．1995;纯松林、乡土树种混交林和豆科植物混交林的优势种则分别为湘土苔蛾Eilema hunanica、新角条麦蛾Anarsia novitricornis和李条麦蛾Anarsia patulella,其优势度指数分别为0．0755、0．0836和0．0690。4种昆虫群落的多样性指数H′、种间相遇几率PIE和均匀度指数J′均比较高,反映出这4种昆虫群落的稳定性均比较强。     

钦州港红树林昆虫群落及其多样性初步研究

对钦州港红树林昆虫群落及其多样性进行了初步研究。结果：钦州港红树林昆虫种类较少，有２０种；优势种为黑褐圆盾蚧、白囊蓑蛾和海滨伊蚊；在秋季，卷蛾科的Ｌａｓｉｏｇｎａｔｈａ ｓｐ．发生猖獗，造成大面积桐花树受害；昆虫群落的多样性和均匀性在各季节均较低，这与现钦州港红树林生态地理环境遭受严重破坏密切相关。     

钦州港红树林昆虫群落及其多样性初步研究

对钦州港红树林昆虫群落及其多样性进行了初步研究，结果；钦州港红树林昆虫种类较少，有２０种；优势种为黑褐圆盾蚧、白囊蓑蛾和海滨伊蚊；在秋季，卷蛾科的Ｌｏｓｉｏｇｎａｔｈａｓｐ．发生猖獗，造成大面积桐花树受害；昆虫群落的多样性和均匀性在各季节均较低，这与现钦州港红树林生态地理环境遭受严重破坏密切相关．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-