固体酸催化合成苯乙酸乙酯

以固体酸SO4^-2／SnO2—Al2O3TiO2为催化剂，苯乙酸和乙醇为原料合成了苯乙酸乙酯．考察了催化剂用量、原料配比、反应时间对酯化反应的影响．结果表明：固体酸SO4^-2／SnO2-Al2O3-TiO2对该反应具有良好的催化活性，可避免用浓硫酸催化造成的环境污染，而且酯化率和产品纯度较高，催化剂可重复使用．     

三仲辛胺萃取铼的热力学研究

用三仲辛胺(下称R3N)为萃取剂，以正庚烷为稀释剂萃取铼的热力学研究．在NH4ReO4 H2O4 R3N n-C7H16 H2O体系中，在温度278．15-303．15K和离子强度0．1-2．0mol.kg^-1范围内，以Na2SO4为支持电解质，测定了萃取平衡水相中ReO4^-浓度和pH值．计算了萃取反应的标准平衡常数K^0，同时计算了萃取反应的其他热力学量。     

甲酸的光催化氧化

本文考察了不同光催化剂(二氧化钛、酞化青、钙钛矿型化合物)对甲酸光氧化反应的影响。当甲酸溶液中存在二氧化钛时,在紫外光的照射下,能加速甲酸的光氧化反应;添加极少量酞化青(300mg二氧化钛中加入约0.03mg的酞化青)时,TiO_2的催化活性提高了25%左右;掺有Ce或Pr的钙钛矿型化合物SrTiO_3对甲酸的光氧化反应亦有一定的催化活性。对实验室光化学反应器结构、模拟太阳能光源——氰灯的性能及光强度测定方法亦作了简要介绍。     

二氧化钛膜及其改性膜光催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制得锐钛型二氧化钛薄膜，研究了亚甲基蓝在该膜上的光催化降解初始速率与溶液初始pH值、外加电子捕获剂H2O2和外加空穴捕获剂CH3OH的关系，结果表明：投加TiO2膜光催化氧化亚甲基蓝的初始反应速率为0．012min^-1大于未投加TiO2薄膜的光氧化初始反应速率0．007min^-1.当pH为12．9，H2O2和CH3OH加入量分别为8．4mmol／L，5．6mmol／L时初始反应速率最大，所制的膜随使用次数的增加活性变化不显著，加入Fe2O3和V2O5制得复合的半导体膜提高了反应活性。     

O2和SO2对稀土氧硫化物上羰基硫水解反应的影响

研究了O2和SO2对氧硫化镧和氧硫化钕催化剂上COS水解反应的影响．结果表明，当φ(O2)＜2．0％时，稀土氧硫化物显示出了良好的抗氧性能，而且温度增加有利于提高催化刑的抗氧能力．一定量的SO2会导致催化剂活性的降低，但这种失活是可逆的，可能是由于SO2和COS在催化刑表面的竞争吸附所致．     

圆叶决明对低温胁迫的生理响应及施Ca^2＋预防效果的研究

对圆叶决明(Chamaecrista rotundi folia)牧草CPI86134品系苗期进行15、10、5、0℃的低温胁迫．以25℃胁迫为对照．结果表明：随低温胁迫强度的提高和胁迫时间的延长．植株体内O2^-净产生速率增加；同时植株体内活性氧清除酶SOD、POD、ASA—POD的活性在0～48h胁迫时间之内以较快的速率提高．48h之后提高速率趋缓．其中冷害温度0℃分别胁迫6、12、18、24h后，叶片光合色素含量较对照(25℃)下降21．89％、26．04％、28．16％、29．3l％．可溶性蛋白质含量和O2^-净产生速率随胁迫时间延长而提高．活性氧清除酶SOD的活性随胁迫时间延长先上升而后下降．在胁迫前施Ca^2 处理可明显降低叶片O2^-净产生速率和电解质渗透率，同时提高了光合色素含量和活性氧清除酶SOD活性，其中以0.5mmol／L浓度的CaCl2处理效果为最佳．说明Ca^2 对低温胁迫下圆叶决明的膜结构起有效的保护作用．     

日光/草酸铁络合物/H2O2降解水中2,4-二氯苯酚

以日光作光源 ,Fenton 草酸铁络合物为光氧化剂 ,对水中 2 ,4 -二氯苯酚进行了光氧化降解试验研究。结果表明 :草酸铁络合物 /H2 O2 光氧化降解 2 ,4 -二氯苯酚的速率显著高于Fenton试剂 ,前者的光解初始速率大约是后者的 4倍 ;溶液 pH值对光氧化有很大影响 ,pH值在 3左右 ,2 ,4 -二氯苯酚的光降解脱氯的效果较佳 ,pH超过 4 ,光降解脱氯效率明显下降 ;在晴天和多云日照下草酸铁络合物 /H2 O2 光氧化降解有机物的速率很快 ,在阴天的光解速率相对较慢 ,但效率仍然很高     

铬(Ⅲ)离子催化铈(Ⅳ)离子氧化甲酸的反应动力学机理

在酸性介质中用氧化还原滴定法研究了铈(Ⅳ)离子在铬(Ⅲ)离子催化作用下，于30C～45℃区间氧化甲酸的反应动力学，结果表明反应对铈(Ⅳ)和甲酸为一级，准一级速率常数kabs随催化剂[Cr(Ⅲ)]增加而增大，亦随[H^ ]增加而增大，而随[HSO4^-]增加而减小，在氮气保护下，反应引发丙烯酰胺聚合，说明在反应中有自由基产生，提出了催化剂，底物和氧化剂间的反应机理，通过kabs与HSO4^-的依赖关系，并结合Ce(Ⅳ)在溶液中的平衡，找到本反应体系的动力荤活性物种是Ce(SO4)2，还计算出一些速率常数及相应的活化参数。     

共价固定1-氨基-4-烯丙氧基蒽醌的荧光传感器的制备及其在奥硝唑测定中的应用

利用紫外光聚合技术共价固定指示剂染料制备了一种新型荧光传感器．将溴丙烯和1-氨基-4-羟基蒽醌反应合成具有末端双键的荧光指示剂染料1-氨基-4-烯丙氧基葸醌,在紫外光照射下与甲基丙烯酸β-羟丙酯、1,2-环己二醇二丙烯酸酯在表面被修饰的石英玻片上进行共聚合,制得一种共价固定1-氨基-4-烯丙氧基蒽醌的荧光传感器．传感器在使用过程中无染料渗漏现象,在9．0× 10^-6-1．0×10^-3mol／L范围内对奥硝唑有线性响应,检测下限为8×10^-6mol／L,回收率为96．7％-103．9％．用此传感器测定奥硝唑简便可行,响应迅速,响应时间在2min之内．     

S2O82-/ZrO2-Ce2O3固体超强酸的制备及催化合成乙酸正丁酯研究

以(NH4)S2O8为浸渍溶液，采用共沉淀法合成了新型固体超强酸S2O8^2-／ZrO2-Ce2O3，用红外光谱表征了超强酸的结构，用紫外光谱表征了不同制备条件下合成的超强酸的酸总量，并用乙酸／正丁醇酯化反应作为探针反应评价了超强酸的催化活性，研究发现：S2O8^2-对超强酸成酸的促进作用比SO4^2-强；Ce2O3掺入量为1．5％，焙烧温度650℃，焙烧时间5h时制得的固体超强酸酸总量最大，催化活性最高。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.