新形势下外语导游翻译人员的培养方式和措施

中国旅游业的发展日新月异,我国出入境旅游近几年也得到迅速发展。为此,培养大批优秀的外语导游翻译人才(以下简称导游翻译),早日实现我国由世界旅游大国到世界旅游强国的飞跃,是当前一项重要的任务。本文将从分析导游翻译人员的整体状况入手,重点研究导游翻译在新形势下的培养方式和措施。     

浅析景区导游标识语英译中的跨文化现象

本文以导游标识语翻译中的跨文化交际理论为切入点,探讨了导游标识语翻译中的景点名称、文化借用和历史人物文化词汇与跨文化交际意识之间的关系。     

试探旅游英语解说中的“归化”和“异化”策略

旅游英语讲解是一种跨文化的即时翻译，它需要导游人员根据当时的语言环境和翻译目的迅速选择翻译的策略。导游给游客的英语讲解过程中，翻译的“归化”和“异化”策略都有可能用到，以求达到既让游客听了讲解觉得他们的游览不虚此行、有所收获，同时又能够理解导游讲解的源语的文化内涵的效果。随着汉语言文化学习热在世界各国的兴起，“归化”将不再主导汉英翻译，“归化”和“异化”策略将被共同辩证统一地运用在翻译实践里。     

从功能翻译论谈湖南风味特产的口译

功能翻译理论体系下的文本类型论、目的论三大法则和翻译要求对于湖南风味特产的口译具有较强的适用性和指导作用。湖南风味特产口译的目的旨在通过导游的介绍,使外国游客了解湖南风味特产,了解湖湘文化,促进中外交流。基于该目的,导游翻译应把握其兼有信息和诱导功能的综合特征,在翻译过程中以具体的翻译要求为指导,采取相应的翻译策略和方法。     

从功能翻译论谈湖南风味特产的口译

功能翻译理论体系下的文本类型论、目的论三大法则和翻译要求对于湖南风味特产的口译具有较强的适用性和指导作用。湖南风味特产口译的目的旨在通过导游的介绍,使外国游客了解湖南风味特产,了解湖湘文化,促进中外交流。基于该目的,导游翻译应把握其兼有信息和诱导功能的综合特征,在翻译过程中以具体的翻译要求为指导,采取相应的翻译策略和方法。     

浅议项目教学法在导游英语课程中的应用

导游英语是高职高专旅游英语专业的专业核心课程。该课程是一门英语、导游业务的基础理论和导游业务技能实操相结合的课程。项目教学法在导游英语课程中的应用,既能给学生提供理论与实践相结合的机会,又能培养学生在导游实务中的英语应用能力。本文从项目教学法的含义、特征和教学设计三个方面论述了项目教学法在高职高专课程中的应用。     

高职院校《导游业务》课程教学改革探析

《导游业务》作为旅游专业的一门核心课程,其讲授效果、学生学习质量对于学生导游资格证的考取乃至今后专兼职导游带团都有深远的影响,本文从高职院校《导游业务》课程教学改革必要性进行分析,结合笔者多年该门课程的讲授经验,从课程教学体系制定、项目驱动教学法的运用、实践环节以及考核方式设计等方面提出改革方法。     

基于任务型语言教学法的高职《导游英语》教学设计

导游英语是高职涉外旅游专业一门应用性极强的课程。本文以导游工作过程为线索,以任务型语言教学法为指导,对《导游英语》课程进行教学设计,重点培养学生在导游带团过程中的讲解能力、带团能力和应变能力,同时提出了一些在教学实施中需要注意的问题。     

浅谈旅游高职《导游实务》课程教学的创新与优化

《导游实务》课程是高等职业教育院校旅游类各专业课程中的核心专业课程,也是“全国导游人员资格考试”笔试和面试必考科目,因此是旅游类各专业学生必须掌握的专业课程及必修课程。根据课程培养目标及人才培养对知识、能力、素质的要求,我们确定《导游实务》课程创新与优化的总     

《导游基础知识》课程教学改革

《导游基础知识》是高职旅游管理专业的基础课程，也是学生参加导游资格考试的必考课程。本文结合多年的教学实际。提出课程教学改革的基本思路，希望对本专业发展有一定的指导和借鉴作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-