耳萝卜螺胚胎发育的初步观察

采用定时取样 ,间断观察的方法 ,对耳萝卜螺胚胎发育的形态特征进行了观察。发现耳萝卜螺的胚胎发育过程分 7个时期 :卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、担轮幼虫期、面盘幼虫期、幼螺形成期和孵化期。对各期的外部形态特征进行了描述 ,并绘制了各期形态图 ,记录了各期发育所经历的时间     

大瓶螺繁殖生态学研究

通过培育池设置不同水平进行大瓶螺养殖,测试结果表明大瓶螺在长沙地区全年共产卵141d,有效繁殖期近4个月。平均每对亲螺年繁殖成螺、中螺、仔螺共870个,重3158g。水温20～30℃、饵料充足时,螺苗发育最快,38d达性成熟。成螺密度、性比及水草覆盖率对雌螺的产卵频数、产卵量及成螺生长速度均无显著影响。雌螺体重与其产卵频数、产卵量间分别存在着显著、极显著负相关,相关系数r分别为-0．6714、-0．8131。雌螺体重与其产卵量间直线回归方程为y=88．22-1．82x。近亲繁殖使得螺苗存活率有下降的趋势,生长速度有变慢的趋势,但影响不显著。     

中国鲎胚胎发育研究

利用人工授精技术孵化中国鲎，详细观察研究中国鲎胚胎早期发育过程的形态变化特点及其规律。中国鲎的胚胎早期发育可分为卵裂和囊胚形成期（所需时间约6d）、原肠胚和附肢原基形成期（约11d）、组织分化期（约17d）、快速生长期（约16d）。在组织分化期，胚体共进行3次胚内蜕皮，并在第2次蜕皮的同时卵胶膜破裂蜕去，完成3次胚内蜕皮的胚体身体扁平，各组织器官基本成型定位。在快速生长期内，胚体完成最后一次胚内蜕皮，蜕皮后胚体进一步扁平，各组织器官进一步完善。第4次蜕皮后3－5d时间胚体破坏内卵膜而孵化为自由游泳的一龄幼鲎，开始胚后发育。孵化的一龄幼鲎大约经过180d的发育蜕去旧壳成为二龄幼鲎。     

养殖海域鲍螺混养技术的初步研究

为探究鲍笼养过程中污损生物的有效防除,于2012年5-10月,用甲虫螺、疣荔枝螺和蛎敌荔枝螺三种不同螺类分别与鲍混养,其养殖效果由高到低依次是甲虫螺＞蛎敌荔枝螺＞疣荔枝螺.进而以甲虫螺为研究对象,在不同混养配比下,对防除污损生物的种类和数量进行了研究,并探究甲虫螺防除鲍养殖中污损生物的效果.研究表明,随着甲虫螺数量的增加,笼内壁污损生物逐渐减少,其覆盖面积比例从52.8％降到了6.8％.当每笼中甲虫螺的数量达到6只时,污损生物的种类和数量已经降到较低水平,再添加甲虫螺,污损生物没有明显减少的趋势.由此认为每笼放养6只甲虫螺,为最佳混养密度比例.     

香螺鳃的光学显微镜和扫描电镜研究

用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了香螺锶的组织学和表面结构，鳃叶上皮由５个区带的细胞组成；前纤毛柱状细胞，立方细胞，侧纤毛柱状细胞，后纤毛柱状细胞及呼吸上皮，侧纤毛产生水流由左侧进入锶叶间，呼吸上皮由高低不等的细胞组成，表面呈“木耳”状，其组织学和表面结构有助于进行气体交换。     

塔形马蹄螺雌性生殖系统的显微结构研究

塔形马蹄螺为雌雄异体，其雌性生殖系统主要由卵巢和输卵管组成，没有受精囊、交合囊和子宫，也没有其他的附属腺体．卵巢小管内存在不同发育时期的卵原细胞、初级卵母细胞、次级卵母细胞、卵黄合成期卵母细胞和成熟卵母细胞．输卵管壁向管腔凸出8～9个皱褶，柱状上皮细胞游离缘具细长纤毛；卵巢的发育具季节性．     

扁玉螺（NeveritaDidymaRoding）消化系统？…

以多种组织化学方法研究了扁玉螺的消化系统,除直肠外,其余消化道的纤毛柱状细胞呈现蛋白酶,非特异性酯酶和脂酶少 ,其游离端质膜呈现碱性磷酸 酶活性。     

企鹅珍珠贝个体发生及人工育苗的研究

对企鹅珍珠贝胚胎及幼虫发生进行了显微观察．发现企鹅珍珠贝幼苗发生过程与其它双壳类相似．受精后,５５ｍｉｎ开始第 １次卵裂,其后为囊胚期和担轮幼虫期,在水温（２７±１）℃,２４ｈ出现Ｄ形幼虫,７ｄ进入壳顶幼虫期,２０ｄ成为眼点幼虫,大约在受精后２４ｄ变态和附着．文中还对幼苗培育过程的养殖管理及生产化人工育苗的有关问题进行了探讨．     

东山血居吸虫及其生活史

本文报道苏州东山青鱼循环系统中寄生的东山血居吸虫新种及其生活史，中间寄主为狭窄萝卜螺，幼虫期包括毛坳、胞坳和尾蚴。用成熟尾坳人工感染青、草、鲢、鳙和团头鲂等五种鱼苗，只在青、草鱼苗中获得成虫。此外，本文对其生活史各发育阶段进行了研究。     

细胞松弛素B诱导鲍异源三倍体

用细胞松弛素B(CB)处理受精卵(九孔鲍♀×盘鲍♂),抑制第二极体释放,诱导异源三倍体.在水温24℃下,分别进行了不同起始处理时间(受精后5~25 min)、不同药物处理浓度(0.2~1.0 mg/L)和不同持续处理时间(5~15 min)的实验.结果表明:受精后10~15 min开始处理的效果较好,平均担轮幼虫成活率为52.07%,平均三倍体率为55.81%;最佳药物处理质量浓度为0.4 mg/L,最佳持续处理时间为10 min,担轮幼虫率为21.43%,异源三倍体率为50.96%;药物空白对照组1(九孔鲍♀×九孔鲍♂)担轮幼虫率为85.38%,二倍体率为95.42%;药物空白对照组2(九孔鲍♀×盘鲍♂)担轮幼虫率为54.37%,二倍体率为75.87%.综合考虑,鲍异源三倍体的适宜诱导条件为:在受精后13 min,即当40%~50%受精卵排出第一极体时,用0.4 mg/L的CB处理10 min.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-