组织工程多孔管状支架的低温挤出成形

聚乙二醇/聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PEG/PBT)-1,4二氧六环溶液体系在温度低于20℃时可变成凝胶态。将数字挤压/喷射技术与热致相分离技术结合,提出了一种新型多孔管状支架成形技术——低温挤出成形技术。构建了基于该技术的成形平台,研究了成形温度对支架宏观形貌、孔隙率、力学性能等的影响。该技术成形的支架孔隙率最高可达95%,微孔尺寸分布为35~48μm,支架弹性模量为61.9~106 kPa。人类颌下腺细胞种植实验表明:支架具有良好的细胞亲和性,在涎腺组织工程中具有良好的应用前景。     

壳聚糖多孔支架的制备与生物学性质

用一种蛋白改性壳聚糖,通过冷冻干燥方法制备三维多孔支架,对支架材料的细胞毒性、贴壁率和细胞增殖等生物学特性进行评价.结果显示,采用-20,-70,-196 ℃不同温度预冻后冻干,可以制成孔结构不同的支架材料.通过冻干法制备的蛋白改性壳聚糖多孔支架对细胞没有毒性,L929细胞和人成纤维细胞可以在支架表面和内部正常生长和增殖,角质细胞在材料表面可以正常老化、角质化.     

CPP/PLLA软骨组织工程支架复合材料降解性能研究

采用溶媒浇铸/粒子滤取技术与气体发泡相结合的方法制备出CPP/PLLA软骨组织工程支架复合材料,测试了该支架复合材料的物理力学性能和降解性能.研究结果表明,CPP/PLLA软骨组织工程支架复合材料具有适宜的孔隙率,良好的降解性能和物理力学性能,以及三维连通、微孔、网状微观结构.因此,该复合材料有望成为软骨组织工程支架材料之一.     

不同温度冻藏对脆肉鲩鱼片品质的影响

研究了脆肉鲩鱼片在-18,-25和-30 ℃下冻藏过程中的理化和感官品质变化.发现冻藏温度对脆肉鲩鱼片的解冻汁液流失率、蒸煮损失率、TBA值和盐溶蛋白含量等理化指标均有显著影响(P<0.05),且随着冻藏时间的延长,差异更明显.冻藏温度愈低,汁液流失率、蒸煮损失率、TBA值增加愈小,盐溶蛋白含量下降也愈小.TPA值的测定显示:经过冻藏的脆肉鲩鱼片的硬度和耐咀性显著增加,回复性显著降低(P<0.05);较低的冻藏温度可使各指标数值的变化趋缓,-30 ℃下冻藏4周,脆肉鲩鱼片的硬度和耐咀性与新鲜鱼片的相比变化不大.感官评价表明:冻藏降低了脆肉鲩鱼片的感官品质,冻藏过程中鱼肉的质地由脆性向硬实、气味由鱼香味向肉香味转变;冻藏温度的降低会使转变的速率减慢,采用较低的温度(如-30 ℃)冻藏可以减少感官品质的变化.     

聚酰亚胺-聚四氟乙烯复合材料的制备和表征

利用共混挤出工艺制备聚酰亚胺-聚四氟乙烯(PI- PTFE)复合材料,考察PTFE含量对复合材料热性能、摩擦性能及力学性能的影响.结果表明:制得的PI - PTFE复合材料两相不相容,复合材料的最高使用温度为250℃,在250℃以下复合材料的尺寸稳定性较好,其线膨胀系数随PTFE含量的增加而增大,不受热循环历程的影响;复合材料分解质量损失5%的温度(t5d)为525℃,热分解速率随PTFE含量的增加而增大;干摩擦时,随PTFE含量的增加,复合材料的摩擦因数降低,磨损率呈上升趋势;复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和硬度均随PTFE含量的增加而降低,就力学性能而言,PTFE的添加量不超过20%为宜.     

热定型对PGA单丝、编织线及其肌腱支架力学性能的影响

利用正交试验,研究了热定型工艺(温度、时间、热定型方式)对聚乙交酯(PGA)单丝及编织线力学性能的影响,并将经过热定型(55℃、拉伸定型5min)和未经热定型的PGA肌腱支架增强体置于温度为37℃、pH值为7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液中进行4星期的体外降解试验.研究结果表明:热定型温度和时间对PGA单丝及编织线力学性能影响较大.对于PGA单丝及编织线,当热定型温度为40~60℃、时间为3~5 min、采用拉伸定型方式时,其力学性能较好;体外降解试验表明,经过热定型的PGA肌腱支架增强体的力学性能优于未经热定型的肌腱支架增强体.     

细菌类多糖疫苗冻干工艺优化研究

目的:研究细菌类多糖疫苗冻干工艺优化方法.方法:首先根据A群C群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗共晶点温度确定预冻温度;然后统计分析一次干燥阶段和解析干燥阶段制品温度线与设定温度线的重合时间,以确定一次干燥时间和解析干燥时间是否有缩短空间;最终确定优化冻干工艺曲线后,进行冻干试验,对优化前后冻干产品进行质量对比分析.结果:将A群C群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗冻干工艺优化为:预冻-40℃、3 h;一次干燥-45℃→-10℃→10℃→25℃→40℃→31℃,总时间为12 h,真空控制为0.10～0.16 mbar;解析干燥31℃、6 h,真空控制为0.005 mbar.优化后A群C群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗的关键质量属性(外观、复溶性、水分、分子大小和多糖含量)均符合质量标准,检定结果无差异;优化后冻干周期缩短310 min.结论:优化后A群C群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗冻干工艺周期明显缩短,设备负荷和生产能源成本降低.     

孵育系统中的微孔板支架结构优化

【目的】为提高多功能微孔板读数仪的孵育性能,针对微孔板温度均一性,提出微孔板支架组件的结构改进方案。【方法】首先分析影响微孔板读数仪孵育性能的因素,包括支架组件的结构尺寸、表面处理和加工材料等,并设计改进方案;然后通过多通道数据采集仪进行试验,收集不同方案的微孔板支架组件孵育时微孔板中各孔位的实际温度;最后,对比不同改进方案在最大温差、升温速率等孵育性能方面的提升程度,评价各改进方案的孵育性能并确定最佳改进方案。【结果】相比改进前的支架组件结构,与微孔板底部完全接触的支架组件改进方案在试验中的表现最佳：各孔位间最大温差从2.9℃降至1.1℃,降低了62.07%;升温过程中最大温差超过1℃的持续时间从1 650 s降至120 s,降低了92.72%;前7 min平均升温速率从0.774℃/min升至1.065℃/min,提升了37.60%;前7 min平均升温速率标准差从0.100降至0.043,降低了57.00%。【结论】本优化设计提供了一种可行的微孔板支架组件结构改进思路,对提升微孔板读数仪的孵育性能具有一定的参考价值。     

造孔粒子形貌对磷酸钙骨水泥支架材料结构与性能的影响

采用可溶粒子造孔法,结合冷等静压成型技术,分别以立方体的氯化钠晶体和短棒状的谷氨酸钠晶体为造孔粒子制备出具有较高孔隙率和良好抗压强度的磷酸钙骨水泥组织工程支架材料,通过X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜分析及力学性能测试,研究了所制备的支架材料的物相组成及颗粒形貌对支架材料显微结构和力学性能的影响.结果表明:两种造孔粒子制得的支架材料的主晶相均是弱结晶的羟基磷灰石;造孔粒子的形貌决定了所制备的支架的孔隙形貌,并影响支架的孔隙率和力学性能;在造孔粒子加入量相同的情况下,谷氨酸钠晶体作为造孔粒子制备的支架的孔隙率更高,但强度更低;由于在制备过程中引入了等静压处理,支架材料具有良好的强度.     

饱水度对水泥净浆成核温度的影响规律研究

通过制备不同饱水度水泥净浆试件并记录每次冻融循环过程中试件内部温度变化,研究饱水度对水泥净浆成核温度的影响规律.结合压汞法得到的水泥净浆孔结构分析冻结过程中可结冰孔孔隙率的变化.研究表明:在温度范围为-40～4℃的冻融循环过程中,饱水度在76%～100%范围内,水泥净浆平均成核温度随饱水度的降低而降低,当饱水度低至68%时,没有出现成核温度.当饱水度大于92%时,成核温度升高幅度尤其增大.在冻结过程中,可结冰水含量是关系到成核温度的关键,受温度和饱水度影响,用可结冰孔孔隙率表示.可结冰孔孔隙率随着温度的降低而增大,当温度降低到一定值之后,可结冰孔孔隙率趋于恒定,饱水度越大,该定值越大.在温度降低的过程中,水泥净浆的可结冰水含量越大,冰核越容易形成.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the