光-象平面自动标定方法的研究——用于三维计算机视觉系统

分析了三维视觉系统空间标定的困难以及利用光平面反映空间点坐标的方便之处。建立了光—象平面自动标定方法,经过标定实验数据分析,得到了笔者所使用系统的最大测量误差为1.2％,并分析了误差的可能性及必然性。     

Neural mechanisms of perceptual grouping in human visual cortex

The current work examined neural substrates of perceptual grouping in human visual cortex using event-related potential (ERP) recording. Stimulus arrays consisted of local elements that were either evenly spaced (uniform stimuli) or grouped into columns or rows by proximity or color similarity (grouping stimuli). High-density ERPs were recorded while subjects identified orientations of perceptual groups in stimulus arrays that were presented randomly in one of the four quadrants of the visual field.Both uniform and grouping stimulus arrays elicited an early ERP component (C1), which peaked at about 70ms after stimulus onset and changed its polarity as a function of stimulated elevations. Dipole modeling based on realistichead boundary-element models revealed generators of the C1 component in the calcarine cortex. The C1 was modulated by perceptual grouping of local elements based on proximity, and this grouping effect was stronger in the upper than in the lower visual field. The findings provide ERP evidence for the engagement of human primary visual cortex in the early stage of perceptual grouping.     

Incremental view computation model for object-oriented information

We introduce a model to implement incremental update of views. The principle is that unless a view is accessed, the modification related to the view is not computed. This modification information is used only when views are updated. Modification information is embodied in the classes (including inheritance classes and nesting classes) that derive the view.We establish a modify list consisted of tuples (one tuple for each view which is related to the class) to implement view update. A method is used to keep views from re-update.     

A simple rectification method for linear multi-baseline stereovision system

The linear multi-baseline stereo system introduced by the CMU-RI group has been proven to be a very effective and robust stereovision system. However, most traditional stereo rectification algorithms are all designed for binocular stereovision system, and so, cannot be applied to a linear multi-baseline system. This paper presents a simple and intuitional method that can simultaneously rectify all the cameras in a linear multi-baseline system. Instead of using the general 8-parameter homography transform, a two-step virtual rotation method is applied for rectification, which results in a more specific transform that has only 3 parameters, and more stability. Experimental results for real stereo images showed the presented method is efficient.     

目标追踪位置估计的单目视觉算法

提出了单摄像机安装在机器人上的视觉伺服系统的位置估计方法．提出的方法集成了由运动恢复深度和由散焦恢复深度的技术以满足实时要求．对于远距运动物体，用Grassmarm-Cayley代数中的Plucker表示法获取物体的位置估计．对于近距运动物体，用多层前馈型神经网络来恢复物体位置．用提出的判据在两种方法中切换．实验结果表明，估计精度得以提高．     

基于机器微视觉的微结构平面运动测试技术

为了对MEMS的微结构平面运动特性参数进行提取和分析，基于机器微视觉构建MEMS动态测试系统，提出模糊图像合成技术．在连续光照明下获取微结构运动图像，利用光学检测方法增强模糊特征带，引入亚像素定位技术提取特征结构边缘，最终获得微结构的平面运动特性参数．实验结果表明，该系统测量误差小于100nm，具有较好的测量重复性精度，与现有系统相比，该系统测量原理简单，实现方便，且能满足微结构的测试需求．     

果蝇"教"你背单词

背单词到底是采用“高音广播”的方式好，还是默读好？如果再动手抄写几遍，效果是否更佳？在最新一期的《科学》上，刊登了上海生命科学院神经研究所和中科院生物物理所的研究成果。该研究通过果蝇试验发现：果蝇在同时使用嗅觉和视觉时，它的记忆能力会得到增强。而走入果蝇的“认知世界”，对解开人脑记忆奥秘有借鉴作用。     

机器人立体视觉模块的故障诊断

针对机器人的视觉模块，提出了一种故障诊断的算法．该方法根据极线几何理论，利用基本矩阵离线地得到故障诊断的期望范围，再根据匹配像素点是否落在期望范围内判断视觉模块当前是否存在故障．与常规方法相比，不需要增加额外的传感器，且占用系统资源较少，具有相当好的实时性．实验证明，利用该方法进行故障诊断的错判率和漏检率均在3％以下。     

运动车辆的多传感融合跟踪

针对单一传感器可靠性低、有效探测范围小的缺点,提出了采用雷达与机器视觉融合来实现路面运动车辆跟踪的新方法.该方法采用动力学模型对车辆运动进行描述,考虑了车体运动与车轮速率、转向角之间的关系,比用线性模型更符合车辆实际行驶时的复杂运动状况.通过基于雷达量测的扩展卡尔曼滤波估计建立视觉窗口,再根据图像灰度信息自适应调整窗口中心位置及尺寸,有效地限制了后继图像处理的工作区域,提高了系统的实时性.新方法采用数据融合技术,充分利用雷达与图像传感的量测信息,改善了对机动目标的状态估计.实验证明,该方法能明显提高路面运动车辆位置和方向角的跟踪精度.     

相位编码型铟瓦水准标尺视觉检测方法研究

对条码型水准标尺进行检测是测定标尺的分划误差或确定标尺的修正常数，也是实现精密测绘计量任务的重要保证。针对条码型水准标尺的编码原则，提出采用计算机视觉瞄准结合双频激光干涉长度测量的方法实现条码尺的线纹分划检测。实验证明，该视觉瞄准方法的准确度高、重复性好，适用于条码型水准标尺的分划检测。