AZ31B镁合金板材微量元素对拉伸力学性能各向异性分析

由于镁合金板材具有密度小,比刚度和比强度都比较高以及具有较好的导热性等特点,在通讯、交通以及家电领域中都得到了极为广泛的应用。因为轧制而使得镁合金晶体具有取向的特征,而且镁合金晶体自身的对称性不好,因此镁合金会经常表现出各项异性行为。本文主要通过试验对三种AZ31B型镁合金板材的异性行为进行分析,进而为镁合金板材的形成和加工提供可靠的理论依据。     

时效对AZ31镁合金组织与性能的影响

对挤压后的AZ31镁合金件进行时效处理。时效温度为200-300℃,时效时间为15min-3h。研究了不同时效温度、时间对AZ31镁合金微观组织、力学性能的影响。结果表明：合适的时效工艺可使挤压变形后的试样组织达到平衡状态,材料塑性有较大幅度提高,而强度并没有显著降低。对于AZ31镁合金,最佳的时效工艺为275℃保温0．5 h。     

AZ31镁合金的研究进展

综述了AZ31镁合金基本特征,讨论了主要合金元素对AZ31镁合金组织和性能的影响、AZ31镁合金的力学性能以及AZ31镁合金的晶粒细化、超塑性的研究现状,对AZ31镁合金的发展前景进行分析,指出应加强其成形技术、镁基复合材料和AZ31镁合金基础理论的研究．     

铈对AZ31镁合金铸态组织的影响

研究了Ce对AZ31镁合金铸态组织的影响.研究结果表明:添加0.5～1.5 wt%Ce到AZ31镁合金中不但不能细化舍金的晶粒,反而使合金的晶粒变得粗大,并且粗化趋势受Ce加入量的影响较大.当添加0.5 wt%Ce到AZ31镁合金中后,合金的平均晶粒尺寸从最初的60靘增大到164靘.此后,随着Ce加入量从0.5 wt%增加到1.5 wt%,合金的平均晶粒尺寸又开始逐渐减小,但仍大于未添加Ce合金的平均晶粒尺寸.     

超声铸造对AZ31镁合金铸锭及热轧板材组织与性能的影响

采用超声铸造方法制备AZ31镁合金铸锭,并对其组织性能进行研究.研究结果表明:超声铸造后AZ31合金铸锭晶粒尺寸平均值为140 μm,比常规铸造的铸锭品粒尺寸350 μm更细小,同时合金中第二相分布更加均匀弥散,这使合金铸锭的综合力学件能提高并有利于后续铸锭的热轧开坯.经过超声铸造的AZ31镁合金热轧后板材的品粒尺寸(5～30 μm)也比常规铸造锭坯热轧板材晶粒尺寸(40～60 μm)要细小,这使超声铸造AZ31镁合金热轧后板材的典型力学性能比常规铸造后热轧的合金板材的好,抗拉强度提高约18％,伸长率相当;超声铸造有利于细化AZ31镁合金晶粒,改善第二相在枝晶间的分布,提高合金的力学性能和加工变形能力.     

挤压变形对AZ31镁合金组织和性能的影响

采用500T挤压机试验研究了挤压变形对AZ31镁合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明，挤压变形AZ31镁合金组织以绝热剪切条纹和细小的α再结晶等轴晶为基本特征。挤压变形可显著地细化镁合金晶粒并提高镁合金的力学性能。随挤压比的增大，晶粒细化程度增加，晶粒尺寸由铸态的d400μm减小到挤压态的d12μm（min）；强度、硬度随挤压比的增大而增大，延伸率在挤压比大于16时呈单调减的趋势。     

异步轧制AZ31镁合金板材组织

对不同总变形量、道次压下量、轧制温度以及轧制路径等工艺条件下所制备的AZ31镁合金板材的组织进行研究。研究结果表明：异步轧制有利于板材的晶粒细化,其晶粒粒度约为8．9μm,明显小于常规轧制板材的13．2μm;当总变形量由40％增大到80％时,晶粒粒度从40μm左右减小到30μm左右,出现了较多的孪晶;当道次压下量由5％增加到20％时,晶粒粒度从40μm左右减小到10～20μm,孪晶数量也随之减少;当温度由350℃升高到400℃时,晶粒粒度由20μm左右下降到10μm,且大部分晶粒为等轴晶;轧制路径的改变,使板材中的显微组织和孪晶数量产生改变,C路径中的晶粒细小,粒度约为10μm,D路径中的孪晶数量最少。     

添加剂对AZ31B镁合金氧化膜性能的影响

在由NaOH、H3BO3、Na2B4O10组成的电解液中,研究了不同添加剂Na2SiO3和NaAlO2对AZ31B镁合金阳极氧化膜性能的影响.通过电压-时间曲线、Cass盐雾试验、SEM和动电位极化曲线等方法检测和观察阳极氧化膜性能和表面形貌.结果表明:两种阳极氧化膜表面均为多孔结构,电解液中添加Na2SiO3获得的氧化膜表面微孔分布均匀,孔径更小;与AZ31镁合金基体相比,其耐蚀性均有不同程度的提高,Na2SiO3添加后膜层的耐蚀性优于NaAlO2.     

变形参数对AZ31镁合金变形抗力的影响

利用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机对AZ31镁合金在变形温度为250～400℃、变形速率为0.5～3.0s-1下进行热变形模拟实验,得到了AZ31镁合金真实应力-真实应变曲线,并通过光学显微镜观察了试样在变形中的微观组织.结果表明,动态再结晶是该实验条件下晶粒细化的主要机制,变形参数影响了再结晶的程度.     

AZ31镁合金板材自动氩弧焊接工艺研究

利用六轴焊接机器人夹持氩弧焊枪进行AZ31镁合金自动氩弧焊接工艺研究,焊后利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和万能试验机等对焊接接头进行微观组织表征及力学性能测试。结果表明,在焊接电流160 A、焊接速度0.45 m/min、填丝速度0.6 m/min、钨极针与板材距离0.5 mm（前半段）和2.0 mm（后半段）以及保护气体流量16 L/min（正面）和21 L/min（背面）的条件下,能得到外观形貌良好、质量可靠的AZ31镁合金焊接接头。焊接接头的金相组织显示,焊缝区微观组织可清晰地分为母材区,热影响区和熔化区。焊接过程在热影响区和熔化区出现了大量的沉淀相,X射线衍射结果表明,该沉淀相为β Mg17Al12沉淀相。拉伸结果显示,焊接接头的抗拉强度达到了母材的81.02%,在断口观察到了大量的解离面和韧窝的存在,呈现出脆性断裂与韧性断裂相结合的混合断裂特征。     

植酸改性对AZ31镁合金表面细胞黏附性能的影响

用浸没法在AZ31镁合金表面制备植酸涂层,用携带能谱仪的扫描电子显微镜研究了表面涂层的化学组成和形貌,并用直接法和间接法分别在植酸改性前后的镁合金表面培养细胞,检测细胞存活率,考查人骨肉瘤细胞在植酸改性前后镁合金表面的黏附能力。结果表明：在镁合金表面形成均匀的植酸涂层,植酸改性前后镁合金对细胞存活率影响相近,但细胞在植酸改性前后镁合金表面的黏附能力存在显著差异,植酸改性可有效改善AZ31镁合金的细胞黏附性能。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of cryorolled AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets with different initial textures

AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets with different strong textures were cryorolled at the liquid-nitrogen temperature to the strain of 4% and 8%. The microstructure and texture of the rolled sheets were investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties of the sheets were tested through in-plane uniaxial tensile tests at ambient temperature. The tensile stress was exerted in the rolling direction (RD) and transverse directions (TD). The microstructural and textural evolutions of the alloy during cryorolling were investigated. Due to active twining during rolling, the initial texture significantly influenced the microstructural and textural evolutions of the rolled sheets. A {1012} extension twin was found as the dominated twin-type in the cryorolled samples. After cryogenic rolling, the ductility of the samples decreased while the strength increased. Twinning also played an important role in explaining the mechanical differences between the rolled samples with different initial textures. The samples were significantly strengthened by the high stored energy accumulated from cryorolling.     

AZ31镁合金等离子体电解氧化工艺优化

利用四因素（Na2SiO3浓度、KOH浓度、电解氧化电压和电解氧化时间）,三水平的田口正交矩阵设计法优化工艺条件,并用动电位极化曲线扫描评价陶瓷膜的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明：镁合金等离子体电解氧化陶瓷膜的耐腐蚀性能受田口正交矩阵中各水平的影响显著,其中KOH的浓度影响最大;陶瓷膜的耐腐蚀性能的最优实验参数是：Na2SiO3浓度为20 g/L、KOH浓度为4 g/L、电解氧化电压为300 V和电解氧化时间为40 min。     

Effect of Sr addition on the grain refinement of AZ31 magnesium alloys

The grain refinement mechanisms of Sr in the AZ31 magnesium alloys were studied by both phase diagram calculation and experimental analysis.The influence of Sr content on the solute distribution coefficients of Al and Zn during solidification was investigated in order to find out whether Sr addition can enhance the grain refinement efficiency brought by Al and Zn.The results showed that Sr addition can promote the segregation in liquid phases for both Al and Zn during solidification,therefore enhance the grain refinement effects by Al and Zn in AZ31 magnesium alloys.And the effect of Sr addition on the solute distribution coefficients for Al is larger than that of Zn.Sr addition can improve the GRF values by itself and also improve the GRF values of Al and Zn to the AZ31 magnesium alloys,and the grains are refined consequently.     

高挤压比下挤压工艺对AZ31B镁合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了高挤压比条件下挤压温度、速度对AZ31B镁合金微观组织、力学性能的影响。采用光学显微镜观察了显微组织,拉伸试验测试了力学性能,并配合扫描电镜观察了拉伸试样的断口形貌。结果表明,高挤压比条件下,动态再结晶较为充分,少量晶粒长大,混晶组织消失。低温、高速挤压有助于晶粒细化,并使晶粒尺寸分布均匀,因而可获得高的抗拉强度、屈服强度以及良好的塑性。350 ℃,2 m/min条件下挤压,试样抗拉强度与延伸率最高,为336.5 MPa与 23%。低温、高速下的挤压试样的拉伸断口韧窝较深且细密,呈现明显的韧性断裂特征,而高温、低速的断口为混合断裂。     

热处理对含Y元素AZ31镁合金板材组织和性能的影响

对含Y元素AZ31镁合金板材进行退火处理后的组织和性能进行了研究.结果表明:随着退火温度的升高,镁合金晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,力学性能略有提高然后降低;退火时间对镁合金晶粒尺寸影响不大;在300℃下退火1 h后板材性能达到最佳,抗拉强度为255 MPa,屈服强度为170 MPa,延伸率为24%;经过热处理后镁合金断裂方式为准解理断裂和韧性断裂的复合形式.     

Enhanced mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets by continuous bending process after V-bending

The effects of V-bending process, continuous bending process and combination process on the microstructure and mechanical properties and formability of an AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet were investigated. The experimental results showed that no twins were found in the microstructure of all samples after processes due to the fine grain. The V-bending and continuous bending processes were proved to be an effective approach to modify the mechanical properties and formability. While the samples after the combination process exhibited better mechanical properties and formability than the single processed sample. The yield strength significantly decreased with the value of 100 MPa and the fracture elongation enhanced to 18.3% at room temperature. The Erichsen value was 5.0 mm which was significantly increased by 117% compared with as-received sample. The superior formability of combination processed samples was mainly attributed to the smaller r-value and n-value.