有机半导体NPB空穴迁移率的快速确定

以典型有机半导体材料——胺类衍生物NPB(N,N’-diphenyl-N,N’-bis(1-naphthyl)(1,1’-biphenyl)-4,4’diamine)为空穴传输层,采用MoO3为阳极缓冲层制备结构简单的只有空穴传输的单载流子器件.以空间电荷理论为基础,利用从器件电流-电压关系变换而来的一个特殊而简单的函数确定出电场强度在600~1 000V1/2cm-1/2时,NPB空穴迁移率位于1.1×10-5~3.5×10-4 cm2 V-1s-1,这与文献报导采用其他方法得到的结果接近,表明这是一种简单而有效的确定有机半导体载流子迁移率的方法,同时也表明MoO3为阳极缓冲层可在ITO/NPB间形成良好的欧姆接触.     

GaN基高电子迁移率晶体管器件的可靠性及退化机制研究进展

GaN基高电子迁移率晶体管（high electron mobility transistor,HEMT）器件在航天、通讯、雷达、电动汽车等领域具有广泛的应用,近年来成为电力电子器件的研究热点。在实际应用中,GaN基HEMT器件随着使用时间的延长会发生退化甚至失效的情况,器件的可靠性问题仍是进一步提高HEMT器件应用的绊脚石。因此,研究器件的可靠性及退化机制对于进一步优化器件性能具有极其重要的意义。将从影响器件可靠性的几个关键因素如高电场应力、高温存储、高温电场和重离子辐照等进行阐述,主要对近几年文献里报道的几种失效机制及相应的失效现象进行了综述和总结,最后讨论了进一步优化器件可靠性的措施,对进一步提高HEMT器件的应用起促进作用。     

Structure and mobility of electron gain and loss centres in proteins

Radiation damage to proteins is a topic of intense interest to those involved in radiation effects in biology, and also to those involved in radiotherapy. Although it has been widely studied, fundamental processes in protein damage are very hard to specify because of the complexity of the final damage products. But the non-invasive technique of electron-spin resonance is ideally suited to the task of detecting and identifying the primary and secondary products as these are expected to contains unpaired electrons (that is, free-radicals) and such species are uniquely detected by this sensitive form of spectroscopy. Our present study shows that a major radical species formed by electron loss in a range of proteins is the backbone amido radical, -N.(CO)-, characterized by hyperfine coupling to one 14N nucleus. These centres are efficiently trapped in proteins at low temperatures. In contrast, the expected backbone electron-capture centres, -NH(CO.-)-, are not readily trapped and electron transfer occurs until the ejected electron is trapped by some electrophilic centre. Such electron mobility was in fact established in our previous work on oxyhaemoglobin (FeO2----FeO2-), superoxide dismutase (Cu(II)----Cu(I] haemocyanin (Cu(II)O2Cu(I)----Cu(I)O2Cu(II] and various proteins containing S-S bonds (-S-S-)----(-S.-S-) (refs 1-4 respectively). This is strongly supported by our observation that such electrons are captured by DNA molecules, giving T.- centres, when nucleohistones are irradiated, and that Fe(CN)3-(6) ions readily scavenge such electrons from proteins which are devoid of highly electrophilic centres.     

一种高功率光纤耦合半导体激光器无水冷封装模块封装方法

无水冷封装技术在大功率,小体积,低功耗等方面呈现的发展潜力,使无制冷封装技术成为急待突破的核心技术。提供一种实现半导体激光器高功率光纤耦合输出的设计,并重点介绍了无水冷封装模块的封装方法。     

高力学性能及高导电性的防冻有机水凝胶电解质

由于水凝胶电解质的力学性能差且水在低温下会结冰,限制了水凝胶电解质在储能器件和电子导体方面的应用。加入大豆分离蛋白,以丙烯酰胺和甲基丙稀酰乙基磺基甜菜碱为单体,在二甲基亚砜/H₂O的混合溶液和氯化锂的存在下,通过自由基聚合制备了高力学性能、高导电性的防冻有机水凝胶。其具有良好的电导率(最高37.5 mS/cm)、良好的力学性能(最大应力69 kPa,最大应变762.5%)、优良的韧性和抗疲劳性能,对应变和温度具有良好的响应性、宽的传感窗口及稳定性,具有应用于传感器领域的潜力。另外,所制备的超级电容器在20 ℃和-20 ℃均表现出良好的电化学性能,20 ℃时,0.2 A/g电流密度下,超级电容器的比电容为62.1 F/g,5 A/g 的高电流密度下,比电容仍有30 F/g;同时具有良好的抗冻性能和循环稳定性,-20 ℃时,0.5 A/g电流密度下,超级电容器循环10 000圈后仍能保持20 ℃下容量的92%。     

MoO3掺杂有机半导体NPB光电性质研究

在典型有机空穴传输材料胺类衍生物NPB(N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl) (1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'diamine)中引入过渡金属氧化物MoO₃制备了只有空穴传输的单载流子器件.结果表明:MoO₃的引入明显提升了NPB的导电性能,在约2.0 V的外加电压下,100 nm厚纯NPB薄膜电流密度仅为1.28 mA/cm²,而同样厚度的掺杂薄膜NPB∶MoO₃ (50 wt.%)电流密度达到了2 530 mA/cm².同样掺杂比例的NPB∶MoO₃薄膜吸收谱显示位于500 nm附近存在既不同于NPB也不同于MoO₃的额外吸收峰,表明体系中产生了电荷转移复合物NPB^＋-MoO^-₃,从而产生了额外的空穴载流子,进而提升了掺杂体系的导电性能.进一步的荧光分析表明,MoO₃的引入对NPB自身荧光具有明显的猝灭作用.NPB∶MoO₃(30 wt.%)薄膜的荧光强度比纯NPB薄膜荧光强度降低了2个数量级,NPB∶MoO₃ (50 wt.%)掺杂薄膜的荧光强度降低为零.     

PANI修饰PdPc有机半导体膜制作及其气敏特性分析

利用涂膜工艺在平面电极上制作了酞菁钯(PdPc)掺杂聚苯胺(PANI)薄膜元件,用静态配气法对0.01﹪浓度Cl2进行气敏特性测试。结果表明,掺杂比为5:1的复合膜具有很好的敏感性。SEM显示其具有良好的吸附和脱附性能,并对其敏感机理进行了初步讨论。     

A novel 3-D spatial temporal channel model for high mobility HAPS-based communications scenario

A high altitude platform station (HAPS) based communications scenario for providing Internet access and broadband multimedia services to the passengers on board of a high speed train (traveling up to 300km/h) is proposed. Regarding the addressed scenario, when the propagation link between HAPS and train is blocked by obstacles, a three-dimensional (3-D) geometrical single cylinder spatial-temporal channel model is presented, in which closed form, mathematically tractable space-time correlation functions are obtained. It shows that the correlation functions determined by the 3-D model are of significant difference with those of the conventional 2-D model. Based on the analysis model, the paper derives a realized simulation model using sum-of-sinusoids approach, and applies method of equal areas (MEA) and modified method of equal areas (MMEA) to determine the model parameters. The fitting performance of the simulation model with the analysis one is evaluated by two means-square error (MSE) performance criteria. Finally, numerical simulation results verify the mathematical analysis conclusion, when N≥21, simulation model has an excellent fitness with the analysis one.     

计算高能原电子对金属射程的常数的新方法

介绍计算同一个能区高能原电子对金属平均射程的常数的方法,然后用实验数据分别算出了属于两个能区的高能原电子对金的平均射程的常数,并用实验数据算出了属于同一个能区的高能的原电子对铝的平均射程的常数,最后对结果进行了讨论并得出结论:计算高能原电子对金属射程的常数的新方法是可行的.     

一种高压大电流半导体放电管的研究

针对常规半导体放电管在超大浪涌电流作用下,易局部过热而损坏这一问题,采用镓闭管扩散代替硼扩散、台面工艺解决二氧化硅不能掩蔽镓扩散所带来的问题、玻璃钝化工艺实现高压结面保护等方法。实验结果表明,通过镓扩散、台面刻槽、玻璃钝化和钛镍银多层金属化等工艺,提高了放电管的启动保护电压和最大浪涌电流,其最大浪涌电流达到6 kA,比设计值5 kA提高了20%。     

组合工艺对高氨氮污染河网原水去除效能研究

以高氨氮高有机物污染河网原水为研究对象,考察集生物预处理、常规处理、深度处理于一体的组合处理工艺对于原水特征污染物的去除效能.试验发现,生物预处理和生物活性炭对氨氮去除贡献较大,温度是影响氨氮去除效果的一个重要因素;对于有机物,组合处理工艺对CODMn的去除率比TOC高,混凝沉淀和生物活性炭是主要的去除单元;混凝沉淀对...     

聚苯胺/酞菁铜有机半导体杂化材料的制备及气敏性能

以4-硝基邻苯二腈和对甲基苯酚为苯环源物质,采用二步反应的模板反应合成法合成了酞菁铜(CuPc);以苯胺为聚苯胺(PANI)源物质,采用一步反应的化学氧化聚合法合成,并通过掺杂高氯酸、硫酸、硝酸获得半导化的掺杂态PANI.选取反应过程中的中间体物质,以分子杂化修饰方法将二者聚合形成一种新的有机半导体材料CuPcxPANI1-x.以磁控溅射、真空镀膜、激光微加工工艺实现了芯片与新型敏感材料的有机结合,利用SEM观察薄膜表面形貌;薄膜气敏特性测试采用静态配气法.结果表明:通过改变酸化掺杂及比例系数,新型有机半导体杂化材料对SO2,NO2,Cl2等气态毒气有较好的气敏性和选择性.     

高功率半导体整流管芯片散热效率计算仿真研究

为了保证芯片性能,避免芯片受损,对高功率半导体整流管芯片散热效率进行计算和仿真研究。通过有限体积法进行热计算,利用质量守恒方程、能量守恒方程以及动量守恒方程对热传递问题进行描述,确定高功率半导体整流芯片边界条件,给出散热效率计算公式。在恒温室的防风罩中进行测试,依据模型和边界条件,通过ANSYS参数化编程语言APDL构建高功率半导体整流芯片三维有限元模型,分析芯片散热情况。研究平行排列微通道、正交网络结构、螺旋环绕结构和树枝分形结构微通道下芯片散热效率。向有限元模型整流管芯片主体施加热载荷,获取不同基板材料的温度分布情况,得到不同基板材料下芯片散热效率。结果表明,高功率半导体整流管芯片微通道应选用树型结构,基板材料应选择Cu/Si C复合基板。     

有机小分子及金属有机配合物电子传输材料的研究进展

概述了有机小分子及金属有机配合物电子传输材料的研究进展,对由小分子电子传输材料构成的有机电致发光器件的发光性能、发光效率等方面进行了比较,并对小分子材料的研究前景进行了展望.     

Fabrication and spectra characteristics of high efficiency white organic light-emitting diodes with single emitting layer

High-efficiency white organic light-emitting devices with single emitting layer are demonstrated. N,N‘-diphenyI-N,N‘-bis(1,1‘-biphenyl)-4,4‘-diamine (NPB) is used as hole transport layer, while 4,7-diphenyl-l,10-phenan-throline (BPhen) as electron transport layer and 9,10-di-(2-naphthyl)-2-terbutyl-anthracene (TADN) doped with the fluorescent dye 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-t-buty1-6-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidyl-9-enyl) (DCJTB) as single emissive layer. The effects of performance by the concentration of DCJTB and the thickness of emissive layer are studied. The device with a structure of indium tin oxide/NPB (50 nm)/TADN: 0.2% DCJTB (15 nm)/BPhen (40 nm)/Mg: Ag shows a maximum brightness of 11400 cd/m^2, a peak current efficiency of 5.6 cd/A and power efficiency of 4.1 Ira/W, while the low turn-on voltage of 3.1 V and the stability of the Commission International De L‘Eclairage coordinate. The spectra through color filter of the device are also studied.     

Volatile organic compounds sensing based on Bennet doubler-inspired triboelectric nanogenerator and machine learning-assisted ion mobility analysis

Ion mobility analysis is a well-known analytical technique for identifying gas-phase compounds in fast-response gas-monitoring systems.However,the conventional ...     

A universal model for mobility and migration patterns

Introduced in its contemporary form in 1946 (ref. 1), but with roots that go back to the eighteenth century, the gravity law is the prevailing framework with which to predict population movement, cargo shipping volume and inter-city phone calls, as well as bilateral trade flows between nations. Despite its widespread use, it relies on adjustable parameters that vary from region to region and suffers from known analytic inconsistencies. Here we introduce a stochastic process capturing local mobility decisions that helps us analytically derive commuting and mobility fluxes that require as input only information on the population distribution. The resulting radiation model predicts mobility patterns in good agreement with mobility and transport patterns observed in a wide range of phenomena, from long-term migration patterns to communication volume between different regions. Given its parameter-free nature, the model can be applied in areas where we lack previous mobility measurements, significantly improving the predictive accuracy of most of the phenomena affected by mobility and transport processes.     

家用半导体制冷采暖系统的研究

本文在半导体制冷技术的理论分析和实验研究基础上，对家用半导体制冷采暖系统中各分系统的优化以及它们之间的最佳匹配问题进行了讨论，提出了基本的设计原则，对半导体制冷技术在家用空调系统中的进一步发展和应用具有一定的指导意义．     

高盐、高浓度有机废水蒸发特性实验

 搭建废水动态蒸发实验装置,对精细化工行业常见的蒸氨废水、颜料生产废水开展蒸发分离实验研究以获得废水蒸发特性,为实际蒸发系统设计提供基础数据支持。结果表明：废水的沸点升高随浓缩倍数的增加而逐渐上升,来自不同工艺段的蒸氨废水、颜料生产废水由于浓度差别,在相同的浓缩倍数下沸点升高略有不同;在蒸发过程中,颜料生产废水蒸发冷凝液的COD随着蒸发的进行逐渐降低;不同种类废水蒸发冷凝液的TDS与pH值变化规律大致相同,受原液中易挥发物质及夹带液滴的影响较大,随着浓缩倍数的增加先减小后趋于恒定。