用稳燃腔煤粉燃烧器改燃烟煤为燃无烟煤锅炉

针对一台 75t/ h锅炉 ,利用稳燃腔煤粉燃烧器 ,并实施其他相关改造 ,成功地将原设计一直燃用烟煤改燃无烟煤 ,并取得了改造后锅炉燃用无烟煤 60 %负荷下不投油稳燃的良好效果     

一种新型节油煤粉燃烧器

煤粉锅炉是火力发电的主力机组。节约煤粉炉在点火和稳燃时所需的燃油是非常有意义的。目前节油多基于煤粉直接加热甚至将点火热源改为电力。本文从助燃空气中的氧气浓度出发,提出了富氧节油的思路,形成了富氧燃烧的节油煤粉燃烧器。该燃烧器使用提高浓缩后一次风粉气流中氧气的浓度以增强气流的着火稳燃性能。本文阐述了富氧节油燃烧器相关的原理和系统结构,并讨论了这一新型燃烧器的特点。     

富氧燃烧对220 t/h燃气锅炉性能的影响分析

为了合理利用现有资源有效提高燃气锅炉低负荷运行的稳定性以某钢铁集团220 t/h燃气锅炉为试验对象提出了富氧燃烧改善燃气锅炉燃烧的思想并利用炉内换热模型论证了改善低负荷稳定燃烧的可行性。详细分析了富氧燃烧对炉膛烟温特性、燃烧稳定性能、烟气在炉内停留时间以及锅炉热效率的影响。结果表明：富氧燃烧技术能较好地改善锅炉的整体性能。     

小油量气化煤粉燃烧系统在75t/h锅炉上的应用

阐述了小油量气化燃烧直接点燃煤粉燃烧系统工作原理、系统构成,重点介绍了小油量气化煤粉燃烧系统在75t/h锅炉上的工业性应用试验研究及经济性分析。试验结果表明小油量气化燃烧直接点燃煤粉燃烧系统性能稳定,能实现机组冷、热态启动及低负荷稳燃,经济效益显著,达到工业应用条件。     

混烧锅炉富氧燃烧的数值模拟

富氧燃烧会对煤粉和高炉煤气混烧锅炉炉内的燃烧特性产生重要影响.以130 t/h煤粉和高炉煤气混烧锅炉为研究对象,采用Fluent流体力学软件,对助燃气体(O2/N2)在3种不同氧气体积百分数(21％,23％,27％)工况下煤粉和高炉煤气混烧锅炉炉内的燃烧过程进行数值模拟.模拟得到3种工况下:炉内的温度场分布,烟气流场特性,火焰长度.模拟结果表明:随着氧气浓度的增加,燃料着火速度更快,燃烧更稳定,出口烟温逐渐降低,炉内烟气流速逐渐减少,强化了炉内传热效果,提高了锅炉热效率.     

煤炭助燃除灰剂改善热电厂热效率的试验研究

为改善煤炭的燃烧效率,研制了煤炭助燃固硫除灰多功能促进剂,并在130 t/h煤粉炉上进行了应用效果试验.试验表明,促进剂按优化配比用于燃煤锅炉,具有助燃、固硫、除灰、提高锅炉热效率等多种功能.     

锅炉低负荷不投油运行试验研究

濮阳龙丰热电有限责任公司锅炉负荷在低于145t／h情况下运行,一般需要投入油枪稳燃,造成电厂燃油消耗很大,因生产经营方式的转变,需要锅炉在130t／h左右长周期运行。2010年4月至6月间我公司#1炉进行了数次低负荷试运行过程,结果表明,在确保煤质稳定的情况下,可实现锅炉负荷在125t／h左右不投油长周期安全运行,仅此可为公司年节约助燃油最少400t,经济效益显著。     

330MW四角切圆锅炉低NO_x优化改造数值模拟

针对某电厂330MW四角切圆锅炉NOx排放质量浓度高、炉内结渣严重的问题,提出基于多空气分级低氮燃烧技术的燃烧器改造方案,运用FLUENT软件对改造前后锅炉燃烧状况进行数值模拟.分析计算和试验数据得出:改造后,浓相一次风反切对炉内燃烧有一定影响,煤粉气流对水冷壁冲刷减弱,结渣现象明显改善;煤粉着火稳燃得到强化,主燃区CO质量浓度增大,炉内还原性气氛增强;燃尽区下部形成的NOx还原区对降低NOx排放质量浓度有积极作用;炉内最高温度下降80℃左右,NOx排放质量浓度降幅达47%左右.     

分解窑混煤富氧燃烧研究

以2 500 t/d带四通道煤粉燃烧器的水泥分解窑为研究对象,通过理论分析和数值仿真方法,对分解窑内混煤富氧燃烧特性和燃烧规律进行研究,并通过实验验证仿真计算结果的可靠性。研究结果表明:随着燃烧器一次风O_2摩尔分数增加,煤粉着火温度逐渐降低,燃烧温度、窑内传热速率逐渐增加;应用富氧燃烧技术能显著改善分解窑混煤燃烧特性,大幅提高无烟煤掺混比;与一般空气助燃相比,当一次风O_2摩尔分数提高到27%时,火焰平均温度提高97 K,焦炭燃尽率提高5.09%,在此O_2摩尔分数下,无烟煤掺比增至60%时,混煤仍能高效稳定燃烧,火焰温度和形状仍能满足熟料煅烧要求。     

面向深度调峰的超临界煤粉锅炉变负荷燃烧三维数值模拟

为解决低负荷运行时燃煤锅炉稳燃性下降和NO_x排放增加的问题,对一台660 MW超临界旋流对冲锅炉在低负荷(20%～60%额定负荷)下不同运行工况进行了三维数值模拟,并研究了低负荷下多种操作参数对锅炉稳燃性和污染物排放的影响.计算与分析结果表明:30%额定负荷运行时投运下层燃烧器,且一次风率为0.2、煤粉粒径为50μm时,NO_x排放最少;当负荷进一步降低时锅炉稳燃性迅速下降,同时NO_x排放量迅速增加;调整燃烧器运行方式、一次风率和煤粉粒径可以有效改善锅炉低负荷燃烧状况.在负荷低于30%额定负荷的深度调峰运行时,采用2台磨煤机、下层燃烧器运行,并适当降低一次风率和煤粉粒径可以提高燃煤锅炉的低负荷运行能力.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.