货物整合研究评述与展望

经济、社会和环境协调发展的时代要求，以及我国物流业发展面临的问题必将引起现代物流在理论和技术方面的变革。货物整合作为协调库存与运输的重要环节，能够提高物流运作效率，并缓解物流运作对环境的冲击。本文对货物整合研究进行了分析、评述与展望，分析了货物整合的类型、配送策略及其影响因素，从采用的建模工具，以及是否考虑其他相关物流运作过程的协调等角度，对文献进行了回顾与总结。此外，采用文献计量法，基于Web of Science和Scopus数据库，对货物整合相关文献进行汇总与梳理，分析其发展脉络与研究热点。研究表明，广义的货物整合分为（在途）车辆整合、库存整合和终端整合。货物整合的配送策略包括基于数量、时间和混合配送策略。影响货物整合的因素主要有货物流、货物特性和管理相关因素等。从建模工具上，已有文献主要采用模拟、经济分析、数学规划、随机理论等工具，数学规划是货物整合研究最常用的数学建模工具，而启发式算法常被用来求解基于数学规划的货物整合模型。货物整合与复杂的路径问题相结合研究、绿色或可持续货物整合研究，将是未来的研究热点。梳理并分析货物整合的内涵及其研究现状，展望货物整合研究的发展趋势，对于推动货物整合研究理论创新、指导物流实践、促进经济、社会和环境协调发展具有重要意义。

Review and Prospect of Research on Shipment Consolidation

The requirements of the times for the coordinated development of economy, society and environment, as well as the problems faced by the development of China"s logistics industry, will inevitably lead to changes in the theory and technology of modern logistics. As an important part of coordinating inventory and transportation, shipment consolidation is an effective operation process to improve the operation efficiency and economic benefits of the logistics industry, as well as to alleviate the environmental impact from logistics transportation. This paper analyzes, reviews and prospects the research on shipment consolidation, including the analysis of the types, the distribution strategies, and the influencing factors of shipment consolidation, and review of existing literature from the perspective of modeling tools and whether to consider the coordination of other related logistics operation processes. In addition, this paper applies bibliometric analysis methods to analyze the evolution process and research hotspots of shipment consolidation based on the literature from core collection of Web of Science database and Scopus database. It is found that, in terms of research content, the types of generalized shipment consolidation include vehicle consolidation, inventory consolidation and terminal consolidation; the distribution strategies of shipment consolidation include quantity based, time-based and hybrid distribution strategies; the factors affecting shipment consolidation mainly include: flow related factors, goods characteristics factors and management factors. In terms of modeling tools, existing literature mainly uses simulation, economic analysis, mathematical programming, stochastic theory, etc. Mathematical programming models are commonly used research methods and heuristic algorithms are often used to solve shipment consolidation problems formulated by mathematical programming models. In terms of future research directions, the application of shipment consolidation in complicated routing problem, sustainable logistics and supply chain will be the focus of future research. Sorting out and analyzing the connotation and research status of shipment consolidation and forecasting the development trend of shipment consolidation research are of great significance for promoting theoretical innovation of shipment consolidation research, guiding logistics practice, and promoting coordinated development of economy, society and environment.