材料力学课程中内力求解的改进设正法及其教学实践

设正法是材料力学课程中求解内力的常用方法,传统设正法有值得商榷之处.研究提出了一种改进的设正法,并通过算例对其应用过程进行了介绍,同时分析了应用该方法教学时应注意的问题.教学实践表明,用改进设正法求解内力,可以有效降低出错率,提高学生内力分析的能力,增加学习材料力学课程的自信,可对后续相关课程的学习产生正迁移效应.在日常教学中,教师应对学生是否能真正灵活地应用该方法进行必要的监控.

An Improved Method of Positive Assumption for Internal Force Solving in Mechanics of Materials Course and Its Teaching Practice

Method of positive assumption is a conventional way to solving internal force in Mechanics of Materials, but traditional method of positive assumption is debatable. In this paper, an improved method of positive assumption has been presented, and the application process of this improved method is introduced by some examples, matters to be noted in teaching by this improved method are also analyzed. Teaching practice shows that using improved method of positive assumption to solve internal force, can effectively reduce the error rate, improve the students'' ability to analyze the internal force, increase the confidence in Mechanics of Materials learning, and can produce positive transfer effect for subsequent rated courses learning. In the daily teaching, teachers should be fully aware of whether students can really use the method flexibly.