深部开采灾害及防治研究进展

随着浅部矿物资源日益减少,越来越多的矿井开采向深部推进。开采深度不断增加所引起的软岩大变形、岩爆、高矿压、热害、瓦斯突出和强扰动等工程灾害为深部采矿工程带来了极大的挑战,严重威胁着矿井的生产安全。国内外学者针对深部资源开采面临的工程问题进行了大量的理论与试验研究并取得了一定的成果。本文阐述了引起深部工程灾害的主控因素,总结了深部复杂地质环境灾害现象物理力学机制的研究进展,介绍了深部开采工程实践中防治各类灾害事故的技术装备和理论构想的发展现状,最后提出了未来深部岩体力学理论研究与灾害控制措施研究面临的挑战。

Research Progress on Disasters and Prevention in Deeping Mining

With the decrease of shallow mineral resources, more and more mines are advancing to the deep. Engineering disasters such as the large deformation of soft rock, rock burst, high rock pressure, heat disaster, gas outburst and strong disturbance caused by increasing mining depth have brought great challenges to deep mining engineering and seriously threatened the safety of mine production. In view of the engineering problems faced by deep resource mining, a large number of theoretical and experimental studies have been conducted by schools and certain results have been achieved. In this paper, the main controlling factors of deep engineering disasters were illustrated. The research progress of the physical and mechanical mechanism of deep complex geological environmental disasters was summarized. The development status of technical equipment and theoretical concepts for preventing and controlling various types of disasters and accidents in deep mining engineering practice was introduced. Finally, the challenges for future research on deep rock mechanics theory and disaster control measures were put forward.