With the decrease of shallow mineral resources, more and more mines are advancing to the deep. Engineering disasters such as the large deformation of soft rock, rock burst, high rock pressure, heat disaster, gas outburst and strong disturbance caused by increasing mining depth have brought great challenges to deep mining engineering and seriously threatened the safety of mine production. In view of the engineering problems faced by deep resource mining, a large number of theoretical and experimental studies have been conducted by schools and certain results have been achieved. In this paper, the main controlling factors of deep engineering disasters were illustrated. The research progress of the physical and mechanical mechanism of deep complex geological environmental disasters was summarized. The development status of technical equipment and theoretical concepts for preventing and controlling various types of disasters and accidents in deep mining engineering practice was introduced. Finally, the challenges for future research on deep rock mechanics theory and disaster control measures were put forward.