基于驾驶模拟技术的隧道反光环设置间距综合效果分析

针对高速公路隧道新型交通安全设施反光环设置间距效果评估的问题,采用驾驶模拟技术,以微观驾驶行为数据为基础对反光环不同设置间距的有效性进行综合评估。选择3 500 m长度的隧道作为研究对象,构建基于虚拟现实技术和3D光环境技术的隧道驾驶模拟场景。选取33名驾驶经验丰富的被试人员完成驾驶模拟试验。从行为与视觉两个方面选取速度、速度标准差、加速度、加速度标准差、油门功效、瞳孔面积共6项评价指标,构建隧道反光环综合评估体系。从驾驶员的角度量化隧道内不同设置间距反光环的效果,并采用基于可拓学理论的物元评估模型进行综合评估。研究结果表明:隧道内不同间距的反光环对驾驶员的影响显著不同,反光环设置间距200 m时驾驶员的驾驶安全性、稳定性较好,心理舒紧张感较低。综合评估结果显示,设置300 m、400 m间距的反光环的安全性和舒适性较200 m间距的反光环的综合效果较差,因此隧道内设置反光环的最优间距为200 m。研究成果为新型交通安全设施在隧道中实际应用奠定了理论基础。

Comprehensive Effect Analysis of setting Distance of Tunnel Retro-reflective Arch Based on Driving Simulation Technology

Aiming at the problem of evaluating the effect of setting spacing of retro-reflective arch of new traffic safety facilities in Expressway tunnels, the driving simulation technology was used to evaluate the effectiveness of different spacing of reflective rings based on micro-driving behavior data. A tunnel driving simulation scenario based on virtual reality technology and 3D light environment technology was constructed by choosing a 3500m long tunnel as the research object. Thirty-three experienced drivers were selected to complete the driving simulation test. From the two aspects of behavior and vision, six evaluation indexes were selected, including speed, standard deviation of speed, acceleration, standard deviation of acceleration, accelerate power and pupil area, to construct a comprehensive evaluation system of tunnel retro-reflective arch. From the driver''s point of view, the effects of different spacing retro-reflective arch in tunnels were quantified, and the matter element evaluation model based on extension theory was used to evaluate comprehensively. The results show that the influence of retro-reflective arch with different spacing in tunnels on drivers is significantly different. When the retro-reflective arch are 200 m, driving safety and stability are better, and their psychological relaxation is lower. The comprehensive evaluation results show that the safety and comfort of retro-reflective arch with 300 m and 400 m spacing are worse than those with 200 m spacing. Therefore, the optimum spacing of retro-reflective arch in tunnels is 200 m. The research results lay a theoretical foundation for the practical application of new traffic safety facilities in tunnels.