无患子不同器官中的总皂苷和总黄酮含量

【目的】研究无患子皂苷和黄酮在不同器官中的含量及其在叶中的积累动态,并对彼此间相关关系进行探讨,可为无患子的综合高效利用提供参考。【方法】以无患子为材料,分别用香草醛-高氯酸比色法和分光光度法检测其花、果、枝、根等器官及8个时期叶片的总皂苷和总黄酮含量。【结果】总皂苷和总黄酮在不同器官中的分布存在差异,各器官中的总皂苷质量分数(0.98%~13.26%)均显著高于总黄酮质量分数(0.31%~1.74%);果皮中的总皂苷含量最高(13.26%),其次为花(5.68%~6.21%)和叶(4.11%,8个时期平均值);各器官中总黄酮质量分数由大到小顺序为:叶(1.74%,8个时期平均值)、花苞(0.88%)、花朵(0.74%)、根(0.53%)、枝(0.44%)、果皮(0.31%)。叶中总皂苷和总黄酮在1个年生长周期内的积累规律不同,总皂苷含量总体上呈逐渐升高趋势,总黄酮含量波动变化。总皂苷含量与总黄酮含量间存在一定的负相关关系。【结论】无患子总皂苷和总黄酮在不同器官中的分布及其在叶中的积累规律各异,皂苷和黄酮的积累可能存在着间接竞争关系;除传统利用果皮部位,花和叶也是积累皂苷和黄酮的主要器官,具有一定的应用价值,建议合理采收及开发利用。

Contents of the total saponins and total flavonoids in different organs of Sapindus mukorossi

【Objective】Our aim was to study the contents of total saponins and total flavonoids in different organs, and their accumulation characteristics, in the leaves of soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi). We also aimed to analyze the correlations between them. This was done to provide a reference for the comprehensive and efficient utilization of S. mukorossi.【Method】The contents of total saponins and flavonoids in the flowers, fruits, branches, roots and leaves at eight growth stages of S. mukorossi were determined by spectrophotometry. 【Result】The total saponin and total flavonoid contents varied among the different organs. The levels of the total saponins in different organs (0.98%-13.26%) were significantly higher than those of the total flavonoids (0.31%-1.74%). The total saponin content in the pericarp was the highest (13.26%), followed by that in the flowers (5.68%-6.21%) and leaves (4.11%, the average of eight growth stages). The order of total flavonoid content in each organ was as follows: leaf (1.74%, the average of eight growth stages), flower bud (0.88%), flower (0.74%), root (0.53%), branch (0.44%) and pericarp (0.31%). The accumulation rules of the total saponins and total flavonoids in the leaves were different at different stages of the annual growth cycle. Overall, the total saponin content increased gradually and the total flavonoid content fluctuated. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between the total saponin and total flavonoid content. 【Conclusion】The distribution of the total saponins and total flavonoids in different organs, and their accumulation characteristics in leaves, are different. Moreover, here may be an indirect competitive relationship between the accumulation of saponins and flavonoids. In addition to the pericarp, flowers and leaves are the main organs for the accumulation of saponins and flavonoids, which have a certain application value that can be reasonably collected and utilized.