苏北沿海地区不同土地利用类型下土壤动物群落结构特征

【目的】了解中国苏北沿海地区不同土地利用类型下土壤动物的多样性及其生态分布特征,为该地区土壤动物系统研究以及生态系统健康评价提供基础资料。【方法】采用手拣法和干漏斗法,对苏北沿海3种不同土地利用类型(杨树人工林、杨-农复合林、农田)下的土壤动物群落组成与多样性特征进行研究。【结果】土壤动物群落在杨树人工林、杨-农复合林、农田中均以蜱螨目(Acarina)、弹尾目(Collembola)动物为优势类群,占全部捕获量的82.48%,是组成该地区土壤动物群落的主体;土壤动物个体数量随季节呈现一定规律性,即夏秋春冬;土壤动物垂直分布上,表聚性明显;在群落多样性方面,杨树人工林土壤动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与Pielou均匀度指数最高,杨-农复合系统土壤动物的丰富度(Margalef指数)最高,而农田土壤动物的Simpson优势度最高,多样性指数与均匀度指数最低。【结论】土地利用方式的转变影响了土壤动物的组成与多样性特征,复合经营和适度干扰可在一定程度上提高土壤动物的丰富度;但是人为干扰强度较大时,会降低土壤动物的多样性和均匀度。

Community structure of soil fauna under different land use types in the coastal area of Northern Jiangsu Province

Objective]Investigate the diversity and ecological distribution of soil fauna in different land-use types in the coastal areas of Northern Jiangsu Province, China, and provide basic data for research on soil fauna systems and assess-ment of ecosystem health in this area.Method]We analyzed soil fauna in three different land use types (i.e. poplar-crop integrated system, poplar plantation and crop land) from December 2013 to December 2014 in a coastal area in Northern Jiangsu Province, China.Result]Acarina and Collembola were the dominant Order in this area, and the combined pop-ulation in the two Order accounted for 82.48% of the total number of individuals constituting the body of the soil fauna community in the aforementioned coastal area. The vertical distribution of the number and components of the soil fauna groups had obvious surface collection. Simpson's dominance index was the highest in the crop land, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity and Pielou's evenness indices were the highest in the poplar plantation. Margalef' s abundance index was the highest in the poplar-crop integrated system. The soil fauna in the poplar-crop integrated system was character-ized by the highest number of taxa and individuals and highest Margalef's diversity index value, suggesting that agro-for-estry ecosystems may support greater density and distribution of soil fauna than monoculture or plantation forestry.Con-clusion]Land use changes may alter species composition and structure of soil fauna assemblage, and moreover, human intervention may affect the diversity and evenness of soil fauna.