昆明巫家坝国际机场鸟类的时空变化及鸟击防治

为有效防范机场鸟击事件的发生,作者从2009年12月-2010年11月对昆明巫家坝国际机场及其周边地区鸟类群落的时空变化规律进行了实地调研,共记录到74种鸟类,分属12目29科,其中留鸟42种,冬候鸟23种,夏候鸟7种,旅鸟2种.不同季节的鸟类种类、密度和Shannon-Weiner多样性指数冬季最低,秋季最高;Pielou均匀度指数则是秋冬季较春夏季为低.调查区域内不同生境鸟类群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数,从高到低依次为机场>公园>湿地>居民区,Pielou均匀度指数从高到低则为公园>机场>湿地>居民区;从相似系数来看,机场与湿地间的鸟类群落相似性最高.研究结果表明,昆明机场鸟类群落的季节变动受候鸟迁徙影响严重,秋季应是鸟击的重点防范时段.向化村湿地与机场生境的相似程度最高,对湿地的生态整治应能有效地降低鸟击威胁.据此提出了昆明机场的鸟击防治策略.

Avianspatial and temporal changes and bird strike preventive measures at Kunming Wujiaba international airport

In order to prevent the bird strike effectively,a survey of avian spatial and temporal changes was conducted around Kunming Wujiaba international airport from December 2009 to November 2010.There were 74 bird species observed,belonging to 29 families and 12 orders.Among them,there were 42,23,7 and 2 bird species belonging respectively to the resident birds,the winter migrant birds,the summer breeders and the passing migrant birds.The number of species,the density and the Shannon-Wiener index of birds in different seasons were lowest in winter,and highest in autumn.And the Pielou’s evenness index of birds in autumn and winter were lower than the index in spring and summer.The range of the Shannon-Wiener index of the avian community at different habitats in the researched area was airport>park>wetland>residential areas(from highest to lowest),while the Pielou’s evenness index was park>airport>wetland>residential areas.The similarity of the avian community between the airport and the wetland is the highest from the angle of the Similarity index.The findings of the research indicate that the season changes of the avian community around Kunming Wujiaba airport are influenced severely by migratory birds,and the time of autumn should be the key-time fighting against bird strikes.The extent of similarity between Kunming airport and Xianghua wetland is the highest,so the ecological management of Xianghua wetland is supposed to reduce the threats ofbird strikes effectively.According to the research results,some workable strategies to prevent the bird strikes at Kunming Wujiaba airport are put forward in this paper.