重金属离子(Hg~(2+),Cu~(2+),Ag~+)对鲫鱼和鲤鱼呼吸运动机能的影响

本文研究了不同浓度的醋酸酮、醋酸汞和醋酸银溶液对鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)和鲤鱼(Cyprinus Carpio)呼吸运动机能的影响.结果表明,上述三种含重金属离子的溶液.其浓度在0.1,0.3,0.5,1.0mg/l范围内,均能迅速地引起鲫鱼和鲤鱼呼吸运动机能的改变.随着离子浓度的增高,这两种鱼的鳃盖运动频率有些减慢,但清除污物的洗涤运动(Clean-ing movement,又称Cough response)频率则急剧地增加.同一种重金属离子对不同鱼类的呼吸运动机能有不同的影响.Cu~(2+)对鲫鱼的作用大于鲤鱼;相反,Hg~(2+)对鲤鱼的作用大于鲫鱼,而Ag~+对这两种鱼类的作用都特别明显.在这三种重金属离子中,Ag~+对鱼类的呼吸运动机能的影响最大.鲫鱼和鲤鱼对重金属离子具有相当高的敏感性,而且其洗涤运动与重金属离子密切相关,这提示有可能利用这两种淡水养殖鱼类的呼吸运动对重金属离子这种反应特性作为水质重金属污染的生物监测指标.

The Effects of Heavy Metal Ions (Cu~(2+),Hg~(2+),Ag~+). on the Respiratory Movements in Carp and Crucian Carp

Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Crucian carp (Carassius auratus) are very sensitive to the heavy metal ions (Cu~(+2),Hg~(2+),Ag~+), when they are exposed to the copper, mercuric and silver acetate solutions in concentration range of 0.1, 0.3,0.5,1.0 mg/1. The frequency of cleaning movement (congh responses) usually is increase with increasing concentration of the ion solution while the frequency of opercular movements is slightly decreased. The silver acetate caused the largest percentage increase in cough frequency from pre-exposure levels, reaching 487.8 % at the 0.5 mg/1 concentration, the largest percentage increase in cough rate reached only 57.7% and 166.8% in the copper acetate and the mercuric acetate at similar concentrations. Cough response of carp and crucian carp is a rapid and sensitive physiological characterstic and may be used to evaluat the quality of industrial effluents.