五种鸟类核型的比较研究

采用空气干燥法制备骨髓细胞染色体标本，报道了白胸苦恶鸟（Amaurornis phoenicurus)、斑鱼狗（Ceryle rudis）、绿鹦嘴鸭（Spizixos semitorques）、红嘴蓝鹊（Urocissa erythrorhyncha)、长耳鸟（Asio otus) 的核型，其中白胸苦恶鸟、斑鱼狗、红嘴蓝鹊、长耳鸟等4种的核型系首次报道。绿鹦嘴鹎的核型前人已有报道，作者分析的结果与文献报道的有一定的差别，反映了不同地理分布类群的分化情况。斑鱼狗核型分析的结果支持了Sibley（1988）根据DNA差异对传统分类中翠鸟科 的重新划分。其他3种鸟与已报道的近缘各类进行比较，结果表明种间及属间的核型差异不大，这些差异主要由臂间倒位导致着丝点位置的改变而形成的。从而支持了鸟类核型进化过程中有较强的保守性这一观点。

Comparative Studies on the Karyotypes of 5 Species of Birds

The karyotypes of 5 species of birds were studied using bone marrow cells with colohicine hypotonic air drying technique. The result indicated: Amaurornis phoenicurus 2n=78, Ceryle rudis 2n=80, Spizixos semitorques 2n=78, Urocissa erythrorhyncha 2n=78, Asio otus 2n =82.The karyotypes of Amaurornis phoenicurus, Ceryle rudis,Urocissa erythrorhynch, Asio otus were firstly reported. The karyotypes of Spizixoes semitorques are different from that of the result presented in reported. The karyotypes of Ceryle rudis support the division by Sibley et al, according DNA DNA hybridization data. The karyotypes of the rest 3 species were compared with their relative species that were reported before. The result showed that there were no differences of karyotypes among species and genera. The differences were mainly due to the change of centrornetric position which was caused by the pericertric inversion. Therefore, the results again prove the hypothesis that bird karyotype is exceedingly concervatiove in the course of evolution.