不同干燥方法下西洋参的挥发性成分研究

基于气相离子迁移谱，对烘干和冻干处理的西洋参进行了挥发性成分研究。通过气相保留时间和迁移时间在西洋参中共定性出52种挥发性成分，包括11种醇类、8种酮类、12种醛类、5种吡嗪类、5种酯类、4种酸类、2种烯烃类等。主成分分析显示不同干燥方法对西洋参的挥发性成分有很大影响。对比冻干处理的西洋参，烘干处理的西洋参中酯类、酸类、酮类、烯烃类、吡嗪类挥发性成分的质量分数上升，而醛类和醇类的质量分数下降。其中，酯类（乳酸乙酯、丙酸乙酯、乙基-2-甲基丙酸酯、乙酸戊酯）、酸类（2-甲基丁酸）、酮类（2-戊酮、羟基丙酮、2,3-戊二酮）、烯烃类（苯乙烯、α-蒎烯）和吡嗪类（2,6-二甲基吡嗪、2-乙基吡嗪、2,5-二甲基吡嗪）在烘干西洋参中的质量分数显著升高。醛类（辛醛、糠醛、壬醛、庚醛、(E)-2-庚烯醛）和醇类（己醇、(E)-03-己烯-1-醇、(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇）在冻干西洋参中的质量分数显著升高。

Study of the volatile components in Panax quinquefolius L. withdifferent drying methods

The volatile components in Panax quinquefolius L. under heat-drying and freeze-drying conditions were studied using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. A total of 52 volatile components were identified in Panax quinquefolius L., including 11 kinds of alcohols, 8 kinds of ketones, 12 kinds of aldehydes, 5 kinds of pyrazines, 5 kinds of esters, 4 kinds of acids, and 2 kinds of alkenes, etc.,based on the retention time of gas chromatography and drift time of ion mobility spectrometry. Principal component analysis showed that the volatile components in Panax quinquefolius L. were significantly influenced by the drying methods. In comparison with freeze-dried Panax quinquefolius L., the mass fractions of esters, acids, ketones, alkenes, and pyrazines in heat-dried Panax quinquefolius L. increased, while those of aldehydes and alcohols decreased. The mass fractions of certain esters (ethyl lactate, ethyl propionate, ethyl-2-methylpropionate, and pentyl acetate), acids (2-methylbutanoic acid), ketones (2-pentanone, hydroxyacetone, and pentane-2,3-dione), alkenes (styrene and α-pinene) and pyrazines (2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2-ethylpyrazine, and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine) in the heat-dried Panax quinquefolius L.significantly increased. Moreover, the mass fractions of aldehydes (octanal, furfural, n-nonanal, heptanal, and (E)-2-heptenal) and alcohols (n-hexanol, (E)-3-hexene-1-ol, and (Z)-3-hexene-1-ol) in the freeze-dried Panax quinquefolius L.significantly increased.