广西北部湾局部海域海洋沉积物细菌多样性及生物活性评估

为有效探究海洋新型天然微生物资源，本研究以广西北部湾局部海域海洋沉积物样品为研究对象，采用高通量测序技术和纯培养分离方法分析海洋沉积物样品中细菌群落组成及多样性，利用双层琼脂扩散法检测纯培养菌株的抗菌活性，通过PCR扩增法筛选基因组中含有7种功能基因的阳性菌株。高通量测序结果显示：海洋沉积物中检测到1407个操作分类单元（Operational Taxonomic Units，OTUs）；在门水平上，变形菌门（Proteobacteria）的物种丰度最高，其次是厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）。纯培养分离纯化鉴定出278株菌，分布在3门5纲16目24科31属，其中YIM 150853为1个潜在新分离单元。生物活性评估实验表明，76.34%的纯培养菌株至少对1种指示菌有抑制作用，其中链霉菌YIM 150601、YIM 150634抑菌谱广、抑菌活性强，放线菌的功能基因检出率高于非放线菌。广西北部湾局部海域海洋沉积物中蕴藏着丰富的细菌资源，纯培养菌株具有抗菌及合成生物活性产物的潜力，是开发新型天然产物的新菌源。

Bacterial Diversity and Bioactivity Assessment of Marine Sediments in Partial Sea Area of Beibu Gulf of Guangxi

In order to effectively explore new marine natural microbial resources, the marine sediment samples from partial sea area of Beibu Gulf of Guangxi were taken as the research objects in this study.The bacterial community composition and diversity in the marine sediment samples were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology and pure culture separation method.The antibacterial activity of pure culture strains was detected by double agar diffusion method.The positive strains containing 7 functional genes in the genome were screened by PCR amplification method.High-throughput sequencing results showed that 1 407 OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) were detected in marine sediments.At the phylum level, Proteobacteria had the highest species abundance, followed by Firmicutes and Acidobacteria.278 strains of bacteria were isolated and purified from pure culture, which distributed in 3 phyla, 5 classes, 16 orders, 24 families, 31 genera.Among them, YIM 150853 was a potential new isolation unit.The Bioactivity evaluation experiments showed that 76.34 % of the purely cultured strains had an inhibitory effect on at least one indicator bacterium, of which Streptomyces YIM 150601 and YIM 150634 had broad antibacterial spectrum and strong antibacterial activity.The detection rate of functional genes in actinomycetes was higher than that in non-actinomycetes.There are abundant bacterial resources in the marine sediments of the Beibu Gulf in Guangxi.Purely cultured strains have antibacterial and the potential of synthesizing biological active products.