现存中国木拱桥结构调查与分析

基于桥梁结构学,对我国现存的古代木拱桥开展结构调查,并对其主要参数进行分析总结.调查表明,现存130座闽浙木拱桥以单跨为主,矢跨比与我国其它桥梁相似,以1/4~1/7为主.闽浙木拱桥与汴水虹桥同属编木拱,但二者在结构上尚有不同之处.汴水虹桥结构较为简单,对其受力行为可用简化算法分析;而闽浙木拱桥结构复杂,手算分析困难,对结构的力学行为了解不够,已有的实桥测试效果不理想,有限元分析效果也不尽理想,建议以有机玻璃模型试验开展深入系统的研究.

Investigation and analysis on existing China timber arch bridge structures

China timber arch bridges use unique woven timber arch structures, which are only built in China and many of the old bridges existed today, therefore the bridges are an invaluable technique heritage. In this paper, based on the bridge engineering point view, all the existing China timber arch bridges are investigated by field survey, and the major structural parameters are analyzed. It is shown that there are 130 China timber arch bridges existed, most of them were built in Qing Dynasty, accounting for 53.9%; the widths of the bridges are mainly between 4m-5m, accounting for 64.6%; the bridge lengths are mainly between 20m-40m; most of the bridges have a single span while only seven of them have multi-spans; for the single-span bridges, the shortest span is 5.9m and the longest span is 37.6m, the typical span is between 10m-30, accounting for 78.1%; and the rise-to-span ratio of the arch is from 1/4 to 1/7, which is similar as the ratio in other types of arch bridges in China. Min-zhe timber arch bridges and Bianshui rainbow bridges are the two branches of China timber arch bridge. Both of them are woven timber arch bridges, but there are some differences in the structural details. The structure of Bianshui rainbow bridge is simple, and the mechanical?behavior can be analyzed by the simplified calculation method; however, for the Min-zhe timber arch bridge, the structure is complex and it is difficult to analyze its behavior by simplified analysis method, therefore their structure behavior is not well understand, and the conducted field test results and the finite element analysis results are unsatisfactory. It is suggested to start series researches on the mechanical behaviors of the Min-Zhe woven timber arch bridges from the organic glass model test.