2001—2017年中国近海水域赤潮发生规律及其影响因素

通过收集整理2001—2017年相关数据, 对我国近海海域赤潮爆发规律及影响因素进行初步探究。结果表明, 我国近海海域赤潮发生规律呈先增后减趋势, 2001—2005年, 近海赤潮面积和频次大幅度增加, 2006—2017年则明显减少。2008—2017年, 我国发生赤潮608 次, 引发赤潮的第一优势物种有65种。其中, 东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)是引发赤潮次数最多的生物, 共计106次。各海区赤潮的影响因素有差异: 渤海区赤潮面积变化主要受营养盐和总氮影响, 东海区赤潮面积和次数变化与营养盐、总氮、总磷和亚硝态氮显著相关, 南海区赤潮面积变化与污染物入海量和CODcr显著正相关(P<0.05)。为进一步减少赤潮爆发, 提出我国近海海域赤潮防治建议: 建设在线监测站点, 采取因区制宜的管控措施, 加强源头排污管理, 完善应急响应体系, 进行海洋生态修复。

Study on the Occurrence Law of Red Tide and Its Influencing Factorsin the Offshore Waters of China from 2001 to 2017

By collecting and sorting the relevant data from 2001 to 2017, a preliminary study on the rules and influencing factors of red tide outbreaks in offshore areas of China was conducted. The results indicate that the occurrence pattern of red tide in the offshore areas of China increased firstly and then decreased. The area and frequency of red tide in China seas increased significantly from 2001 to 2005, while decreased significantly from 2006 to 2017. From 2008 to 2017, a total of 608 red tides occurred in China, and 65 species were the first dominant species that triggered red tides. Prorocentrum donghaiense was the organism that caused the most red tides, 106 times totally. The influencing factors of red tide in each sea area were different: the changes in red tide area in the Bohai Sea were mainly affected by nutrients and total nitrogen; the changes in area and frequency of red tide in East China Sea were significantly affected by nutrients, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and nitrite nitrogen; the changes in the area of red tide in South China Sea were significantly positively correlated with pollutants entering the sea and CODcr (P<0.05). In order to further reduce red tide outbreaks, several suggestions were proposed for prevention and control of red tide in offshore areas of China: establish online monitoring stations; take control measures based on local conditions; strengthen source pollution management; improve emergency response systems; carry out marine ecological restoration.