城市轨道交通接驳公交线路优化设计

城市轨道交通和常规地面公交之间的有效接驳是提高城市公共交通系统运行效率的重要环节。本文详细分析了接驳公交出行中乘客出行时间成本和公交车辆运营成本，以城市轨道交通接驳公交系统总成本最小为目标，考虑公交线路布局约束、乘客流量守恒约束，以及公交能力约束等，构建了城市轨道交通双边接驳公交线路优化模型，对接驳公交线路布局以及开行频率进行优化。根据模型特点，设计了人工蜂群算法。为了提高算法的计算效率和稳定性，采用了多种邻域搜索策略，且对算法的相关参数进行了校正。数值算例表明，人工蜂群算法可以很好地优化城市轨道交通接驳公交线路的布局，且在求解质量、计算效率和稳定性等方面都优于遗传算法。

Optimal design of urban rail transit feeder bus routes

Effective connection between urban rail transport and general ground public transport is essential for improving the efficiency of urban public transport systems. We detailedly analyze passenger travel time cost and transit vehicle operating cost of feeder bus system. We construct an optimization model for urban rail transit feeder bus route design and optimize bus line layout and travel frequency with the minimization of total cost of the feeder bus system as an objective, considering such constraints as bus line layout, passenger flow conservation, and vehicle capacity. We also devise an artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to solve the model based on its characteristics. We apply many neighbor areas search strategy to the algorithm and calibrate its parameters to improve its computation efficiency and stability. Numerical cases show that the algorithm can well optimize the layout of feeder bus routes, and is superior to genetic algorithm in solution quality, stability and computation efficiency.