离心机场环境中结构的安全防护

在离心机高速旋转过程中,装在离心机长臂端的工程试验件受到很大的向心力作用.在极端条件下,试验件可能会甩离离心机臂而撞击到离心机室的墙壁或防护栏,造成结构破坏或人员伤亡的重大事故.分析了几种试验件撞击到防护栏上的撞击效应.防护栏采用由槽钢作立柱,角钢为横梁,相互交叉构成框架,然后再蒙上一层钢蒙皮构成.研究过程中,采用动态接触技术模拟了试验件与防护栏的撞击,应用弹塑性本构关系描述了试验件与防护栏的材料动态力学性能.研究结果表明,工程试验件的几何构形、质量、撞击速度、防护栏的强度和刚度以及钢蒙皮厚度对于离心场环境中结构的安全防护效果起着非常重要的作用.

Safety protection of structures in centrifugal field

During hig h speed ro ta ting process of centrifug e, the engineering specimen mounted o n the end o f the long arm i s subjected to intense cent ripetal fo rce. Under ex t reme co ndi tio ns, the specimen may be throw n o ff the end o f the lo ng a rm of cent rifug e and collides w ith the wall o r safeg ua rd of centrifug e ro om, w hich may induce g rav e accidents such as st ructural damage o r casualty. The impact effect s of the specimen o n safeg ua rd were inv estiga ted. The safeguard w as made up wi th f rames formed by crossed columns o f channel steel and cro ssbeam of a ngle i ron, which is cov ered by env elop o f steel. The impacts betw een specimen a nd safeg ua rd w ere simula ted by adopting dy namical contact tech nique; and the dy namical properties of materials for the specimen and safeguard w ere described by elastic-plastic constitutiv e relatio n. The resea rch result s show that the geometrical shape, mass and impact speed of engineering specimen, st reng th and stif fness o f the safeg ua rd and thickness of steel env elo p play a n impo rta nt role in the safety pro tection for st ructures under cent rifugal field condi tio n.