晚清钢铁工业外籍工程师的历史影响

 阐述了晚清外籍工程师参与中国钢铁工业的工程建设、技术指导、工业生产等具体历史进程，论述了外籍工程师的引进途径、聘用思想、聘任级别等历史问题，总结了外籍工程师对于中国钢铁工业奠基发展的历史影响。通过相关史料分析，认为派遣工程师是各国控制中国煤铁资源、拓展在华利益的重要手段，晚清钢铁工业外籍工程师的多重身份体现了洋务运动华洋关系的复杂内涵。

The historical role of foreign engineers in steel industry in the late Qing dynasty

Foreign engineers played an important role in the development of steel industry in China in the late Qing Dynasty. This paper reviews the participation process of foreign engineers in the engineering construction, the technical guidance and the industrial production of China's iron and steel industry, focusing on the problems such as the way of introduction, the idea of employment and the level of appointment of foreign engineers, as well as the historical role of foreign engineers in the development of China's iron and steel industry. Through the analysis of historical data, this paper suggests that sending engineers was an important means of foreign countries to covet China's coal and steel resources and expand their interests. The multiple identities of foreign engineers in the late Qing Dynasty reflected the complexity of the relationship between China and foreign countries during the Westernization Movement.