神经元及神经环路活性异常与阿尔茨海默病研究进展

 细胞外淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）沉积和细胞内神经纤维缠结是阿尔茨海默病的典型病理特征。淀粉样蛋白和tau蛋白（神经纤维缠结的主要组成成分）在脑中的异常聚集会导致神经元活性异常，进而引起神经环路结构及功能紊乱，最终造成阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能障碍。概述了Aβ及tau蛋白的生成及调控，阐述了Aβ及tau蛋白异常聚集在神经元及神经环路活动中的作用和机制，综述了ApoE、炎症反应及成体神经发生异常在AD神经元及神经环路活动障碍中的作用。

Research progress in aberrant neuronal and circuit activity in Alzheimer's disease

The extracellular deposition of the amyloid β (Aβ) and the intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are hallmarks of the Alzheimer's disease (AD). Abnormal accumulation of the Aβ and the tau (the major components of the NFTs) in the brain induces the aberrant activity of neurons and the structural/functional deficits of neural circuits, which may account for the cognitive impairments in the AD patients. This paper briefly reviews the generation of the Aβ and the tau, and then focuses on the abnormal activities of neurons and neural circuits induced by the Aβ and the tau. Meanwhile, the effects of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE), the neuroinflammation and the abnormal adult neurogenesis on the aberrant activities of neurons and neural circuits in the AD patients are discussed. It is hoped that these discussions will provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the cognitive dysfunctions in the AD patients.