高速公路出行距离特征分析与应用

为分析高速公路出行距离特征与快速准确地计算高速公路起讫点(origin-destination,OD)矩阵,通过统计收费数据探寻不同车型的出行距离特征,并结合收费站点区域的联系强度构建OD估算模型。根据车型分类标准对收费数据进行分车型整合处理,利用频数分析和曲线拟合建立出行特征函数,并利用空模型法模拟客车和货车距离衰减规律;根据收费站不同行车区间内出行概率与节点间的联系强度,建立基于驾驶员出行特征的OD估算模型并进行实例分析。结果显示:河北省客、货车出行距离区间分别集中在50～150 km与100～300 km;距离衰减系数分别为1.08和1.205,不同于默认值2,随距离的增加有显著的衰减趋势;客车和货车最佳拟合函数分别为对数正态分布和正态分布,OD估算结果误差小于5%。

Analysis and Application of Highway Travel Distance Characteristics

In order to analyze the characteristics of expressway travel distance and calculate the expressway OD matrix quickly and accurately, this paper explores the travel distance characteristics of different models by statistical charging data, and constructs the OD estimation model based on the contact strength of the toll station area. According to the vehicle classification standard, the charging data is integrated into the vehicle, and the travel characteristic function is established by frequency analysis and curve fitting. The null model was used to simulate the distance-decay effect of passenger cars and trucks. According to the travel probability between the different driving ranges of the toll station and the strength of the connection between the nodes, an OD estimation model based on the driver"s travel characteristics is established and combined with case studies. The results show that: 1) the distance between passengers and trucks in Hebei Province is 50-150km and 100-300km; 2) the distance attenuation coefficients are 1.08 and 1.205, which is different from the default value of 2, and has a significant attenuation trend with increasing distance; 3)The best fitting functions of passenger cars and trucks are lognormal distribution and normal distribution respectively; the error of OD estimation results is less than 5%.