高层建筑凹型结构外立面火灾竖向蔓延规律数值模拟

在城镇化发展进程中，高层建筑作为容积率大，容纳人数多的一种独特建筑结构形式得到了迅猛发展，与此同时也给城市带来了较高的建筑火灾风险，尤其是随着凹型外立面墙体结构的设计使用，使得建筑火灾蔓延特性受到了显著影响。本文通过FDS数值模拟技术对不同凹型外立面结构因子影响下的火场温度、火焰前锋蔓延速率进行了研究，结果表明凹型外立面火灾竖向蔓延烟囱效应较明显；火焰前锋高度随时间符合指数函数变化关系，且当凹型外立面结构因子时，火灾前锋竖向蔓延速率达到最大。据此提出防火挑檐的合理设置可有效阻止火势沿凹型外立面向高处相邻住户蔓延。研究成果对凹型外立面建筑结构消防安全优化设计具有一定的理论指导意义。

Numerical Simulation Research of the Vertical Spread Law of Fire on the Concave Structure Facade of High-Rise Buildings

In the process of urbanization development, high-rise buildings have been developed rapidly as a unique architectural structure with large floor area ratio and large number of people, at the same time, a higher risk of building fires is brought to the city. Especially with the design and use of the concave facade wall structure, the fire spread characteristics of the building have been significantly affected. In this paper, FDS numerical simulation technology was used to study the fire temperature and flame front propagation rate under the influence of different concave facade structural factors. The results show that the chimney effect of vertical fire spread on the concave facade is more obvious. The height of the flame front conforms to the exponential exponential function change relationship with time, when the structure factor of concave facade , the vertical spread rate of the fire front reaches the maximum. Accordingly, the reasonable setting of fireproof eaves is proposed to effectively prevent the spread of fire along the concave facade to adjacent residents at high places. The research results have certain theoretical guiding significance for the optimal fire safety design of concave facade building structure.