崇明东滩自然保护区景观格局动态分析

【目的】上海崇明东滩湿地实施互花米草生态控制及鸟类栖息地优化项目以来,湿地的景观格局和特征发生了较大变化,需要分析这种变化以为进一步优化景观格局和促进湿地生态保护提供依据。【方法】采用3S技术以及景观格局分析方法,对崇明东滩自然保护区景观格局的动态变化及影响进行分析。【结果】2011—2015年期间,保护区自然植被的面积逐年减少,与2011年相比减少了20.91%; 各种景观类型之间存在着不同程度的互相转化,保护区各景观类型的转化情况发生了显著改变; 保护区域全区的斑块密度增加了66.61%; 互花米草和莎草科植物群落的斑块形状趋于规则,而芦苇群落的斑块形状复杂度较高; 2011—2015年内,保护区景观多样性指数从1.58上升到1.67。【结论】崇明东滩自然保护区景观破碎化程度加大,景观异质化程度加剧,景观格局由单一化向均衡化方向发展。综合认为,人为因素是引起崇明东滩景观格局变化的主导因素,且其影响仍在不断加深。

Landscape pattern change of Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve of Shanghai from 2011 to 2015

【Objective】 A project that was implemented to eradicate Spartina alterniflora and protect bird habitat changed the landscape pattern of Shanghai Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve. This change needed to be analyzed to provide basis for farther optimization of the landscape pattern and protection of the wetland. 【Method】In this paper, the dynamic change in landscape pattern and its effect in Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve were analyzed by using the 3S technology and the landscape pattern analysis method for the further optimization of the landscape pattern and wetland ecological protection.【Result】The results showed that the area of vegetation decreased by 20.91% in 2015 compared to the area in 2011. The implement of the project also resulted in the change of transformation among various types of landscape. The patch density index increased by 66.61%, and thus landscape fragmentation became more serious. The shapes of S. alterniflora and Cyperaceae community became more and more regular but the complexity of the shape of Phragmites australis community was still on a high level. The diversity index of landscape heterogeneity increased from 1.58 to 1.67. 【Conclusion】The landscape pattern was developing towards the equalization from the homogenization. Human activities are the main driving forces of the landscape pattern change in Shanghai Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve, which is still a crucial problem to be solved.