亚里士多德关于"恶"的思想

亚里士多德和柏拉图一样都把善分为两个层次:幸福是最高的、真正的善;其他的事物则因作为实现幸福的手段而成为第二类的善。对于至善他们都认为是没有恶与之相对应的,恶只是与第二类的具体善相对应,恶也就都是具体的、存在于现实中的。在亚里士多德看来,实现至善的最重要的手段就是德性,德性就是第二类的善,因此,恶就是与德性相对应的人的品质。这样,他实际上表明了,行为以及每人的善恶实际上都在于自己,恶要由行为者自己负责。

Aristotle's thoughts on evil

Aristotle,like Plato,divided good into two levels: the first or the higher is to accomplish happiness,while the other is the method to get it.In their opinion,there is no contrary side of the utmost good,so wickedness is only on the contrary of the specific good.Wickedness is specific and actual.According to Aristotle,virtue is the most important means to achieve the good,and is the second kind of good.So wickedness,as morality,is a kind of personality. He actually insisted that one should take responsibility for his own action,which can be wicked or kind.