从《史记》看西汉老子角色的转化

同时代的人对老子其人其书的看法就是老子观,它是老学的重要组成部分之一。《史记》是最早为老子立传,同时也是最先使用“黄老”一词把老子和黄帝联系起来的著作,基本体现了西汉前中期的老子观。本文以《史记》为中心分析了西汉老子观的特点,揭示了西汉中期以前,尽管统治阶级十分推崇老学,但却未形成神化老子的基本条件。另一方面,黄帝被大肆神化,“黄老”连称的出现推动了老子角色在汉武帝之后向神仙的正式转化。

On the Role Transforming of Laozi Focusing Shiji

The different understanding of Laozi and Daodejing of different people makes of "Laozi guan",which is one important part of "Laoxue".Shiji is the earlist literature that made a biography for Laozi,and for the first time used the word "Huanglao" constituting a relationship between Huangdi and Laozi.For those precondition,Shiji represented the "Laozi guan" of the early western Han Dynasty.This essay analysed that on the one hand,even dominators of the western Han Dynasty upholded "Laoxue" highly,the postulate of apotheosizing Laozi had not matured,and on the other hand,apotheosizing Huangdi highly and the emergence of the word of "Huanglao" impulsed Laozi to transform to a supernatural being after the time of emperor of Hanwu.