贵州杨湾桥水库及周边区域冬春季鸟类群落比较

2010年12月—2012年5月采用样线法对杨湾桥水库及其周边区域的水域、农田、蔬菜地和树林4类生境进行鸟类调查,分析该区域鸟类群落结构能为其毗邻的草海国家级自然保护区鸟类研究补充基础数据.共记录到鸟类14目36科98种,其中,国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级保护鸟类各1种和5种,优势种为赤麻鸭Tadorna ferruginea、赤膀鸭Anas strepera、喜鹊Pica pica和斑头雁Anser indicus.独立样本t-检验表明:鸟类数量在水域和农田生境中冬季显著高于春季(P<0.05),而在蔬菜地和树林生境中冬、春季之间无显著差异;鸟类种数在水域生境中冬季显著高于春季,而在蔬菜地、树林和农田生境中冬、春季之间无显著差异;国家级保护鸟类(Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级)数量冬、春季之间无显著差异,而种类冬季显著高于春季.Kruskal-Wallis检验表明:不同生境之间冬季的黑颈鹤Grus nigricollis数量差异显著,而春季无显著差异.杨湾桥水库及其周边区域应该优先实施鸟类保护的生境是水域和农田、季节为冬季.

Comparison of avian communities between winter and spring at Yangwanqiao Reservoir and its periphery in Guizhou Province

By the method of line transect, a bird survey was conducted in the four habitats, i. e. aquatic habitat, cropland, vegetable plot, and forest at Yangwanqiao Reservoir and its periphery of Guizbou Province from December 2010 to May 2012. Elementary data of avian community could be obtained for complementing bird study of Caohai Nature Reserve, which was close to the study area. A total of 98 species were recorded, which belonged to 36 families and 14 orders. Among the bird species recorded, 1 species was in the Grade Ⅰ and 5 species were in the Grade Ⅱ national key protected birds. Dominant species were Tadorna ferruginea , Anas strepera , Pica pica and Anser indicus in the study area. Analyses by independent samples t-test indicated that bird abundance in the habitats of aquatic habitat and cropland in winter was significant higher than that in spring （P〈0. 05）, but it was not significant in the habitats of vegetable plot and forest between winter and spring. Bird richness in the habitat of aquatic habitat in winter was significantly higher than that in spring, whereas it was not significant in the habitats of vegetable plot and forest and cropland between winter and spring; National key protected birds in winter was significant higher than that in spring in bird species, but not in number. Analyses by Kruskal-Wallis test showed that Grus nigricollis was of significant difference among different habitats in winter, but not in spring, in number. Aquatic habitat and cropland as prior habitats and winter as prior season could be selected respectively for bird conservation.