基于无差异阈值的停车设施定价模型

为探求垄断市场下停车设施的最优定价机制,建立了考虑无差异阈值和车位占用率的停车设施定价双层规划模型,上层模型决策者的目标是最大收益和最优车位占用率,下层方式选择模型假设出行者是有限理性的,即假设如果方式间的效用差小于无差异阈值时,出行者的方式选择是随机的;若方式间的成本差大于无差异阈值,出行者的选择将服从随机效用最大化。采用某通勤廊道作为算例背景对所提出的模型进行求解。结果表明,经营者在考虑无差异阈值和不考虑无差异阈值时的定价策略是不同的,且无差异阈值的大小会影响停车场的最优定价。此外,考虑了车位占用率的定价策略,能够使停车资源的利用更加合理。

Optimal pricing model of parking facilities based on the indifference threshold

A bi-level programming model of parking pricing is established to explore the optimal pricing mechanism of parking facilities in monopolized market. The upper model aims at optimal occupancy and maximum benefit; and the lower model is a boundedly rational nested logit model. The model assumes the travelers are bounded rational, namely they will choose randomly if the expected cost difference between two alternatives is within the indifference band. The validity of the model is verified based on sample analysis of a communication corridor. The proposed model is solved by genetic algorithm. The results indicate that the pricing strategies are different when the operator considers the bounded rationality of travelers and when they do not. Moreover, the value of the indifference threshold will affect the optimal pricing. In addition, the pricing strategy considering the parking occupancy can make the utilization of parking resources more reasonable.