河南省不同区域小麦氮肥应用效果及适宜施氮量研究

为了给河南省小麦氮肥施用提供指导，利用河南省测土配方施肥数据，分析了2005-2009年在河南省进行的489个“3414”田间试验.结果表明，施用氮肥后，全省、豫北、豫南、豫中、豫东及豫西地区小麦分别平均增产37．1％、32．8％、51．1％、31．5％、36．2％和35．0％；平均分别增收1913、1715、2199、1773、2185和1776元/hm2；氮肥农学效率平均分别为9．9、9．1、10．9、9．4、11．5和9．2 kg/kg，氮肥偏生产力平均分别为40．3、39．2、37．7、41．4、45．3和38．9 kg/kg，氮肥对小麦产量的贡献率平均分别为24．7％、23．3％、29．5％、22．4％、25．2％和23．3％，氮肥当季利用率平均分别为32．2％、27．0％、15．9％、47．2％、38．2％和42．3％.表明氮肥对小麦的增产效果明显，豫北、豫南、豫中、豫东及豫西地区适宜施氮量平均分别为134、156、148、169和161 kg/hm2.

Nitrogen Fertilizer Effect and Suitable Application Rate on Wheat in Different Regions of Henan Province

In order to guide wheat nitrogen application in Henan Province,489 field experimental data based on National Program of Soil-Testing and Fertilizer Recommendation of Henan Province during 2005-2009 were analyzed. The results showed that nitrogen application increased wheat yield and profit obviously. The average yields increase rate with N fertilizer application of whole province,Yubei, Yunan, Yuzhong, Yudong and Yuxi regions were 37.1%,32.8%,51.1%,31.5%,36.2% and 35.0% respectively,and the average profits increase value were 1913,1715,2199,1773,2185 and 1776 Yuan/hm2,respectively. The values of agronomic efficiency （AE） of whole province,Yubei,Yunan,Yuzhong,Yudong and Yuxi regions were 9.9,9.1,10.9,9.4,11.5 and 9.2 kg/kg, partial factor productivity （PFP） were 40.3,39.2,37.7,41.4,45.3 and 38.9 kg/kg;the fertilizer contribution rates （FCR） were 24.7%,23.3%,29.5%,22.4%,25.2%and 23.3%;the apparent recovery efficiency（RE） were 32.2%, 27.0%,15.9%,47.2%,38.2% and 42.3%,respectively. The wheat yield were affected by nitrogen fertilizer significantly,and average suitable nitrogen rates of Yubei,Yunan,Yuzhong,Yudong and Yuxi regions were 134,156,148,169 and 161 kg/hm2,respectively.