磷灰石、磷块岩、生物磷酸盐、细菌与稀土的关系及应用

目前的稀土矿床主要与岩浆岩有关，对其研究较多，但对沉积岩中稀土研究较少。稀土作为战略性的矿产，搞清楚稀土在分布广泛的沉积岩中的富集机理有重要意义。自然界的磷主要以磷灰石的形式存在，而磷灰石又在沉积岩中以磷块岩形成存在。对已知的磷块岩和生物磷酸盐中的稀土数据，磷块岩的电子显微镜下特征等进行研究，发现磷块岩和生物磷酸盐有一致的稀土分布特征，推测磷块岩是古老细菌的细胞壁的堆积，细胞壁实际是细小的磷灰石。沉积岩中存在磷灰石的情况下，磷灰石对周围环境的稀土能无差别吸收，且随着时间的增加，不断吸收周围稀土，因此年代久远的化石的稀土含量高于现在生物骨骼稀土含量，其他矿物则很少吸收稀土，由此可以利用活着的聚磷菌对周围稀土进行吸收，从而达到收集聚磷菌就能富集稀土，利用这一特征可使用细菌提纯稀土，减少使用化学物质来提纯稀土，从而减少对环境的污染。

Relation and Application of Apatite, Phosphorite, Biophosphate, Bacteria and REE

Current rare earth deposits are mainly related to magmatic rocks, but not to be researched in sedimentary rocks. As a strategic mineral resources, it is of great significance for us to understand the enrichment mechanism of rare earth elements in widely distributed sedimentary rocks.Phosphorus in nature is mainly in the form of apatite, which in turn forms in sedimentary rock.Based on known rare earth data in phosphate rock and biophosphate, and characteristics of phosphate rock under electron microscopic, we found that phosphate rock and biophosphate have consistent REE distribution characteristics. It is speculated that phosphatic rock is the accumulation of the cell wall of ancient bacteria, which is actually fine apatite.Apatite exists in sedimentary rock, which absorbs REE from the surrounding environment, and with the increase of ages, constantly absorbs REE which are in the sedimentary rock, so old fossils are more REE than nowaday biological bones,live phosphorus accumulating organisms(PAOs) can be used to absorb REE in surrounding environment, REE can be enriched by collecting PAOs. People can use this feature of bacteria to purify REE, reduce the use of chemicals to purify REE, so as to reduce the pollution of the environment.