老子道学思想探微——以老子的“四大”为中心

老子所言的“道大，天大，地大，王亦大”的“四大”思想中，不仅有着积极的工夫论思想，而且预设了完备的体道路径，即“人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然”。通观《道德经》所言的道之含义，老子层次递进的“四大”思想应该是自人始道终，至“法自然”最终兼摄的四个层次，其中蕴含的功夫论和境界论也是对现实的人的理想性规定与激励。整体言之，“四大”思想也集中体现了《道德经》所蕴含的宇宙论之意涵。

Exploration on Lao Zi’s Taoism Thoughts：focus on Lao Zi’s “Four-greatness”

Lao Zi’s “four-greatness” thought embodies positive aspects of Gong Fu Lun, and also a complete path of Ti Dao, that is, Man models himself after Earth, Earth models itself after Heaven, Heaven models itself after Tao, and Tao models itself after its Nature. After an overall survey of the meaning of Tao in Tao Te Ching, Lao Zi’s four-greatness gives consideration to four-layers from Man to Tao, till Nature. It implies an ideal provision and in-spiration to Man from the perspective of Gong Fu Lun and the theory of life realm. In a word,“four-greatness” is a concentrated reflection of cosmology in Tao Te Ching.