丙烯酸及丙烯酯对水生生物的急性毒性

目的：研究了丙烯酸及3种丙烯酸酯类物质对鱼类、藻类及水生甲壳类的毒性，以探讨有毒赤潮藻类棕囊藻所产生的这类物质对海洋生物及海洋环境的影响。方法：使用丙烯酸及丙烯酸酯类物质分别对不同水生生物进行半静止的96h或48h急性毒性试验。结果：丙烯酸、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯对食蚊鱼（Gambusia affinis）96h半致死质量浓度（IC50）分别为15．30、14．56、15．61、19．88mg/L；丙烯酸对海洋原甲藻（Prorocentrum micans）、扁藻（Platymonas elliptica）、小球藻（CHlorella minutissima）3种海洋微灌96h生长潜力半抑制质量浓度（IC50）分别为60．34、72．41、50．73mg/L；丙烯酸对丰年虫（Artemia salina）、网纹Shao（Ceriodaphnia reticulata）48h半效应质量浓度（EC50）分别为143．50、135．41mg/L。结论：研究得出的丙烯酸对水生生物急性毒性试验结果虽大于赤潮期间海水中丙烯酸的质量浓度，但远小于棕囊藻囊内质量浓度，说明棕囊藻产生的丙烯酸类物质对其他水生生物具有一定毒性，丙烯酸的产生与棕囊藻占据整个海洋生态环境绝对优势及赤潮期间鱼类的大量死亡有一定的相关性。

Studies on acute toxicity of acrylic acid and its esters to aquatic organisms

Aim:Acute toxicity of acrylic acid and three acrylic esters to fish, algae and aquatic crustaceas was studied in order to evaluate the effects of these materials produced by toxic harmful algae bloom causative species-Phaeocystis on marine organisms and marine ecosystem. Methods: 96 h or 48 h acute toxic tests of acrylic acid on six marine organisms and three acrylic esters on Gamnusta affinis were carried out under laboratory conditions. Results: Acrylic acid and its esters are toxic to aquatic organisms. The LC 50 values of acrylic acid and methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate to Gambusia affinis are 15 30, 14 56, 15 61 and 19.88 mg/L respectively. The IC 50 values of acrylic acid to three marine microalgae, Prorocentrum micans, Platymonas elliptica and Chlorella minutissima are 60.34, 72.41 and 50.73 mg/L respectively. The EC 50 values of acrylic acid to Artemia salina and Ceriodaphnia reticulata are 135.41 and 143.50 mg/L respectively. Conclusion: High concentrations of acrylic acid in seawater during noxious Phaeocystis blooms inhibit the growth of bacteria in algal colony. The toxic values are higher than concentrations of acrylic acid in seawater, but much lower than those in algal colony. The result suggests that acrylic acid inhibits the growth of other aquatic organisms, and therefore, may have some contributions for population competition to Phaeocystis , thus, making this genus dominate the entire ecosystem.