不同类型小麦植株氮素同化、运转和分配比较分析

以河北省平原区大面积种植的4个不同类型品种为材料（包括强筋小麦藁8901、高产品种石4185、高蛋白品种河农341和耐旱高产品种河农859）,对不同类型小麦植株的氮素同化、运转和分配特征进行了研究。试验表明,4个类型相比,高蛋白品种阶段吸氮量和总吸氮量较多,但阶段吸收比例前期相对较低,开花后较高。而耐旱高产品种开花前吸收氮素较多,开花后吸收较少。各器官氮素含量、积累量和分配率,拔节期和开花期互有高低,成熟期以高产品种较高。耐旱高产品种开花前吸收的氮素向籽粒中输出量、输出率及输出氮素对籽粒的相对贡献显著较高,而高蛋白品种相对较低。高蛋白品种和强筋品种旗叶氮素对籽粒的贡献大于耐旱和普通高产品种。强筋小麦品种对氮素的运转和分配规律与高蛋白小麦类似,但其吸收积累量显著低于高蛋白品种。普通高产品种氮素吸收积累量显著较少,且营养器官中积累分配较多。建议在生产中对高蛋白品种增施氮肥,注意增加后期氮素追施比例,基肥、拔节肥、灌浆肥氮素分配比例为4∶4∶2,对于抗旱品种,重视前期施氮,尤其拔节期增加施氮比例,氮素分配比例--基肥∶拔节肥为4∶6,强筋品种和高产品种氮素分配比例--基肥∶拔节肥为5∶5。

Comparative Analysis on Accumulation, Translocation and Redistribution of Nitrogen in Different Wheat Varieties

The characteristics were studied of nitrogen accumulation, translocation and redistribution in the following four plants： special strongly gluten variety （Gao 8901）, high yield variety （Shi 4185）, high protein variety （Henong 341） and drought tolerance and high yield variety （Henong 859）. These varieties were popularly planted in the plain areas of Hebei province. The results showed that the nitrogen absorption of high protein variety was more in lifetime and in each stage, but the absorption rate was relatively low in each stage before flowering, but after flowering it was very high; while in the plants of the drought tolerance and high yield variety, nitrogen absorbing amount was more before flowering, but it was very few after flowering. The nitrogen content,accumulation and distribution ratio in all organs were not significantly different at elongation stage and anthesis,but they were rela- tively higher in high yield variety at maturity. Translocation amount, translocation ratio and relative contribution of nitrogen were significantly high in high yield variety,while they were relatively low in high protein variety. But there was more distribution of fleg leaf in special strongly gluten variety and high protein variety than in high yield variety and drought tolerance and high yield variety. The regulation of nitrogen translocation and redistribution in the plants of special strongly gluten variety was similar to thalr in high protein variety. The nitrogen accumulation amount in the plant of high yield va- riety was significantly less than that of other varieties, and there was more nitrogen residue in vegetable organs. It was suggested enhancing the nitrogen fertilizer amount for high protein variety in production stage, and increasing the topdressing nitrogen ratio in the later stages in the growth and development. The ratio of basis,elongation and filling was 4 ： 4 ： 2. More nitrogen fertilizer should be supplied in earlier stage in the growth and development of drought tolerance and