西双版纳地区橡胶林生物量的遥感估算

以西双版纳地区橡胶林为对象,设置93个900 m2样地并测量每株胸径等数据,根据经验式计算样地生物量,并分析了生物量与样地调查时间接近的2010年Landsat TM影像的反射率和植被指数的相关性,建立生物量估算模型,计算了该地区橡胶林生物量.结果表明:①生物量与可见光波段(TM1,TM2,TM3)(P<0.01)和中红外波段(TM5,TM7)反射率呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与NDVI,RVI和GI植被指数则呈显著正相关(P<0.01);②GI植被指数是生物量的最佳估算因子;③橡胶林生物量变化在1～291 t.hm-2之间,平均值为(75.90±58.75)t.hm-2,总生物量为1.97×107 t;④生物量在景洪市和勐腊县南部地区较高,且随海拔升高呈现出先增加后减少趋势,最大值出现在600～700 m.     

Observations on the spectral reflectances of certain high Andean Penaincisalia and Thecloxurina,with the description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini)

The eumaeine hairstreak species Thecloxurina tegulina Bálint and Boyer, sp. n. from SW Peru, department Apurímac (type locality: Karkatera, NW of Ampay, 3,200 m, 13°34′286″S; 72°58′501″W) is described on the basis of qualitative and quantitative wing pattern, male genital and spectral characters. The spectral reflectance of the closely related genera Penaincisalia and Thecloxurina are investigated and compared. It is demonstrated that the spectral characteristics of the two genera are qualitatively differing, and the taxa investigated representing the two genera (Penaincisalia:Thecloxurina = 3:5) also have characteristic species dependent reflectance peaks measured at normal incidence.     

遥感估算植被覆盖度的角度效应分析

植被覆盖度是植被在地面的垂直投影面积占统计区总面积的百分比.由于植被反射的二向性特性,不同角度估算的植被覆盖度原则上不可比,另外,不同观测角度对应像元不同的采样面积,对于非均一地表这种面积差异引起的角度效应也非常显著.本文除了考虑植被的二向性反射,还重点模拟分析了由于像元的采样面积差异引起的角度效应及其带来的植被覆盖度估算误差.模拟结果表明:相比天顶观测,在倾斜40°观测时,对于作物和裸土混合,由于面积误差带来的红光波段反射率差异已高达56%,同时引起的植被覆盖度估算误差达到23%,因此研究植被覆盖度的角度效应问题很有必要.     

配合煤的镜质组反射率分布与焦炭强度预测

为了工业配煤炼焦生产的需要,通过对配合煤的镜质组反射率分布与焦炭机械强度的研究,得出镜质组反射率分布与焦炭机械强度具有良好的线性关系。据此建立相关性好、可信度高的数学模型,进行实验验证。结果表明:焦炭机械强度M40和M25的预测误差小,可以用于指导工业配煤炼焦生产;影响M40和M25最大的均为肥煤,影响M10最大者为焦煤。     

基于短波近红外光谱盐酸氟桂利嗪粉末药品质量比的估算方法

基于短波近红外(SW-NIR)漫反射光谱,提出一种非破坏定量预测盐酸氟桂利嗪粉末药品质量比的新方法.以高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析值为参考值,将遗传算法(GA)和神经网络相结合,建立盐酸氟桂利嗪粉末药品的光谱特性与质量比间的定量分析模型.应用GA自动构建神经网络拓扑结构,选择最优的网络参数和光谱波段;讨论不同光谱预处理方法对神经网络预报能力的影响,并对测试集样品质量比进行预测.结果表明,一阶导数数据预处理方法为最优预处理建模方法,其测试集的均方根误差RMSE=0.198 7%,相关系数R=0.986 3.     

光热反射技术测量材料热扩散率的一种新方法

提出一种利用调制光热反射(MPR)技术测量固体材料热扩散率的新方法.通过比较待测样品与已知热扩散率材料幅频特性的差异,得到待测样品的热扩散率.理论分析表明,在利用MPR频响法测量材料热扩散率时,该方法无需测量泵浦和探测光斑半径的大小,可有效地避免泵浦和探测光斑半径的测量误差对热扩散率测量的不利影响.实验结果说明了上述方法的可行性.     

Shape recovery using high dynamic range images

An effective method for object shape recovery using HDRIs (high dynamic range images) is proposed. The radiance values of each point on the reference sphere and target object are firstly calculated, thus the set of candidate normals of each target point are found by comparing its radiance to that of each reference sphere point. In single-image shape recovery, a smoothness operation is applied to the target normals to obtain a stable and reasonable result; while in photometric stereo, radiance vectors of reference and target objects formed due to illuminations under different light source directions are directly compared to get the most suitable target normals. Finally, the height values can be recovered from the resulting normal field. Because diffuse and specular reflection are handled in an unified framework with radiance, our approach eliminates the limitation presented in most recovery strategies, i.e., only Lambertian model can be used. The experiment results from the real and synthesized images show the performance of our approach.     

百色盆地田东坳陷热演化研究

百色盆地是一典型的第三纪走滑拉分盆地 .盆地虽小 ,但有机质含量丰富 ,储层发育 ,盖层条件较好 ,不足之处在于其热演化程度较低 .通过有机质镜质体反射率、磷灰岩裂变径迹和流体包裹体综合研究表明 ,该盆地最重要的构造单元田东坳陷热演化程度总体较低 ,仅那读组生油岩达到低熟 ,极少数为成熟 ,其他生油岩层未成熟 .田东坳陷热演化总的规律是 :从距今大约 55Ma开始 ,地层古地温随着坳陷沉降和沉积而逐步增加 ,并于距今大约 3 0～ 2 5Ma达到最大值 .然后随着地壳缓慢抬升 ,地层温度逐渐变冷 .热演化程度低是控制百色盆地油气远景较差的主要原因之一     

Optimal waveband identification for estimation of leaf area index of paddy rice

The objectives of the study were to select suitable wavebands for rice leaf area index （LAI） estimation using the data acquired over a whole growing season, and to test the efficiency of the selected wavebands by comparing them with feature positions of rice canopy spectra. In this study, the field experiment in 2002 growing season was conducted at the experimental farm of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Measurements of hyperspectral reflectance （350-2500 nm） and corresponding LAI were made for a paddy rice canopy throughout the growing season. And three methods were employed to identify the optimal wavebands for paddy rice LAI estimation： correlation coefficient-based method, vegetation index-based method, and stepwise regression method. This research selected 15 wavebands in the region of 350-2500 nm, which appeared to be the optimal wavebands for the paddy rice LAI estimation. Of the selected wavebands, the most frequently occurring wavebands were centered around 554, 675, 723, and 1633 rim. They were followed by 444, 524, 576, 594, 804, 849, 974, 1074, 1219, 1510, and 2194 rim. Most of them made physical sense and had their counterparts in spectral known feature positions, which indicates the promising potential of the 15 selected wavebands for the retrieval of paddy rice LAI.     

用于地球同步轨道遥感仪器星上定标的漫反射板特性分析

为实现静止轨道遥感仪器的可见光近红外波段星上定标,设计了以太阳作光源,漫反射梃作目标的方案.其中,漫反射板的光学特性和空间环境变化是关键技术.介绍了漫反射板的双向反射分布特性,以及双向反射分布函数(BRDF)的测试,进行了漫反射板的空间环境模拟试验.试验结果表明能够满足应用的需要.