绵羊卵母细胞不同采集方法对体外成熟培养的影响

为提高绵羊卵巢卵母细胞的采集效率,提供用于卵母细胞体外成熟培养和体外受精的更多优质的成熟卵母细胞,试验利用抽吸法和剖切法2种采集方法采集绵羊卵巢卵母细胞进行体外成熟培养并对其效果进行了对比研究.结果表明剖切法获得的卵子数量显著高于抽吸法(P<0.05),而所用时间则无显著差异(P>0.05);A、B级卵母细胞的比例在剖切法中显著高于抽吸法(P<0.05),抽吸法所采集的C级细胞显著高于剖切法(P<0.05);剖切法中卵丘扩散率和第一极体排出率要显著高于抽吸法(P<0.05).     

Biological effects of trilostane in vitro on oocyte maturation and fertilization in the hamster

Summary The effects of the inhibition of steroidogenesis by trilostane on oocyte maturation were examined by studying spontaneous maturation and fertilization in vitro. 10^–6 M trilostane had no influence on the meiotic process, whether the oocytes were naked or not. At a concentration of 10^–6 M and 10^–7 M trilostane, low normal pronuclear formation and high polyspermy were found during in vitro fertilization. However, no retarded male pronuclear development could be detected in the trilostane-treated group. Thus, steroid producing activity within ova is apparently necessary to prevent multiple sperm penetration, but it has no effect on meiosis or the action of the so-called male pronucleus growth factor (MPGF).     

不同化学激活方法对小鼠卵母细胞孤雌激活效果的影响

通过比较几种常用的化学激活方法对小鼠卵母细胞的孤雌激活和孤雌生殖胚胎体外发育的影响,从而筛选出小鼠卵母细胞孤雌激活的适宜方法.选取成熟小鼠卵母细胞,随机分为以下9组进行激活处理:①离子霉素(I)+6-二甲氨基嘌呤(D);②I+D+细胞松弛素B(CB);③I+放线菌酮(C);④I+C+CB;⑤φ(乙醇)=7%的乙醇(E)+D;⑥E+D+CB;⑦E+C;⑧E+C+CB;⑨Sr2++CB.比较了这9种化学激活方法以及SrCl2的作用时间和卵龄对小鼠卵母细胞激活效果的影响.实验结果表明:小鼠卵母细胞孤雌激活率与激活措施和卵龄有关;小鼠卵母细胞可以被I+D+CB或SrCl2+CB有效激活,激活率及孵化囊胚发育率均高于其他激活方法(P0.05),且以SrCl2+CB最为有效.hCG注射后20h为小鼠卵母细胞进行SrCl2激活的最适卵龄,其最佳处理时间为4h.对小鼠卵母细胞而言,6-DMAP比放线菌酮的激活效果好.     

体外培养绵羊卵母细胞核质成熟的研究

实验通过研究卵母细胞的核相及皮层颗粒的分布,探讨按照卵泡大小和卵丘细胞层多少分类后的不同绵羊卵母细胞在体外培养过程中的核质成熟情况,结果表明：（１）小卵泡卵经体外２４ｈ后的核质成熟率分别为４５．９％和２８．２％,远低于大（９３．５％,６６．７％）、中（８５．１％,５１．０％）两类卵泡卵,２）大卵泡卵在体外培养２０ｈ已完成核质成熟,较中等卵泡提前４ｈ。３）ｇｋｐｈｅ ３ｎｆｃ ｃ ｈ ｇｃｆｔ ｐｎ     

DHEA对小鼠超排卵和卵母细胞质量的影响

目的 研究脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)对C57BL/6J雌鼠超排卵效果和卵母细胞质量的影响及其机制。方法 3周龄C57BL/6J雌鼠30只随机分为3组,分别为对照组、低剂量处理组(2 mg/kg·d-1)和高剂量处理组(5 mg/kg·d-1)。用DHEA灌胃1周,再经超排卵后分别进行体外受精和收集卵丘细胞。提取卵丘细胞RNA进行qRT-PCR检测与胚胎质量相关基因Grem1、Has2、Ptgs1、Ptgs2和Vcan的mRNA水平以及凋亡相关基因Caspase3和Bcl2l10的mRNA水平。结果 经过DHEA处理的雌鼠超排卵后,体外受精(IVF)显示实验组异型卵比例下降。实验组卵丘细胞中与胚胎质量相关基因Has2,Ptsg1和Vcan转录水平与对照组相比上调,而Germ1和Ptgs2的mRNA水平下调。Caspase3的mRNA水平下调,Bcl2l10的mRNA水平上调。结论 经过DHEA处理后可以通过抑制卵丘细胞凋亡,提高卵母细胞的质量。     

动物卵母细胞透明带与受精的关系

阐述对哺乳动物卵母细胞透明带（ZP）在卵母细胞受精过程中的作用,指出卵母细胞ZP厚度、弹性、显微结构及理化结构是影响卵子受精过程的重要因素。     

Functionally independent subunits in the oligomeric structure of the GABA cotransporter rGAT1

We have combined structural and functional approaches to investigate the role of oligomerization in the operation of the GABA transporter rGAT1. Xenopus laevis oocytes were induced to express, either separately or simultaneously, the wild-type form of rGAT1 and a mutated (Y140W) form, unable to translocate GABA and to generate transport currents, although its intramembrane charge movement properties are only slightly affected. These characteristics, together with the insensitivity of Y140W to the blocking action of SKF89976A, were used to study the possible functional interaction of the two forms in an heteromeric structure. The electrophysiological data from oocytes coexpressing wild-type and Y140W rGAT1 were consistent with a completely independent activity of the two forms. Oligomerization was also studied by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in tsA201 cells expressing the transporters fused with cyan and yellow fluorescent proteins (ECFP and EYFP). All combinations tested (WT-ECFP/WTEYFP, Y140W-ECFP/Y140W-EYFP and WT-ECFP/ Y140W-EYFP) were able to give rise to FRET, confirming the formation of homo- as well as heterooligomers. We conclude that, although rGAT1 undergoes structural oligomerization, each monomer operates independently. Received 18 July 2005; received after revision 21 September 2005; accepted 6 October 2005     

乙酰胆碱对非洲爪蟾卵母细胞ATP-激活电流的调制作用

研究乙酰胆碱对爪蟾卵母细胞上ATP激活电流的影响及其机理.用双电极电压钳技术记录爪蟾卵母细胞的细胞外液加入乙酰胆碱对ATP激活电流（IATP）的影响.结果显示,乙酰胆碱对大多数细胞IATP具有增强作用,而对少数细胞IATP具有抑制作用,且均呈现浓度依赖性;乙酰胆碱对IATP的调制作用是通过毒蕈碱样乙酰胆碱受体（M受体）激活实现的.     

Ionic currents in morphogenesis

Summary Morphogenetic fields must be generated by mechanisms based on known physical forces which include gravitational forces, mechanical forces, electrical forces, or some combination of these. While it is unrealistic to expect a single force, such as a voltage gradient, to be the sole cause of a morphogenetic event, spatial and temporal information about the electrical fields and ion concentration gradients in and around a cell or embryo undergoing morphogenesis can take us one step further toward understanding the entire morphogenetic mechanism. This is especially true because one of the handful of identified morphogens is Ca²⁺, an ion that will not only generate a current as it moves, but which is known to directly influence the plasma membrane's permeability to other ions, leading to other transcellular currents. It would be expected that movements of this morphogen across the plasma membrane might generate ionic currents and gradients of both electrical potential and intracellular concentration. Such ionic currents have been found to be integral components of the morphogenetic mechanism in some cases and only secondary components in other cases. My goal in this review is to discuss examples of both of these levels of involvement that have resulted from investigations conducted during the past several years, and to point to areas that are ripe for future investigation. This will include the history and theory of ionic current measurements, and a discussion of examples in both plant and animal systems in which ionic currents and intracellular concentration gradients are integral components of morphogenesis as well as cases in which they play only a secondary role. By far the strongest cases for a direct role of ionic currents in morphogenesis is the polarizing fucoid egg where the current is carried in part by Ca²⁺ and generates an intracellular concentration gradient of this ion that orients the outgrowth, and the insect follicle in which an intracellular voltage gradient is responsible for the polarized transport from nurse cell to oocyte. However, in most of the systems studied, the experiments to determine if the observed ionic currents are directly involved in the morphogenetic mechanism are yet to be done. Our experience with the fucoid egg and the fungal hypha ofAchlya suggest that it is the change in the intracellular ion concentration resulting from the ionic current that is critical for morphogenesis.     

猪卵母细胞体外成熟培养时间及去核方法的研究

对不同体外成熟培养时间的猪卵母细胞进行盲吸法去核及利用脱羧秋水仙碱(DC)和放线菌酮(CHX)的化学诱导法去核效率进行了比较研究.用盲吸法去核,体外成熟培养(IVM)39~41 h组卵母细胞去核率与IVM 36~38 h组差异显著(P<0.05),与42~44 h组差异不明显(P>0.05),但3组显著高于IVM 45~48 h组(P<0.05).化学诱导法去核结果,IVM 42~44 h组去核率最高,但与IVM 39~41 h组差异不显著(P>0.05),其他各组间均差异显著(P<0.05).在相同的体外成熟培养时间内,盲吸法的去核率比化学诱导法的去核率要高.猪卵母细胞IVM在39~44 h内去核率较高,且盲吸法去核效率高于化学诱导去核.