成核改性对聚乳酸结晶行为的影响

选用PPA-Zn、TMC-328和TMP-3000为成核剂(NA),分别与聚乳酸(PLA)熔融共混,改性制备成PLA/NA复合材料,通过差示扫描量热分析、偏光显微观察、X射线衍射、动态热力学分析和热变形温度测试研究PLA/NA材料的结晶行为、动态热力学性能和耐热性能。结果表明,3种成核剂中,PPA-Zn和TMC-328更能提高PLA结晶度、储能模量和热变形温度,PLA/PPA-Zn和PLA/TMC-328半结晶时间分别为0.27min和0.28min,晶体形貌分别为针状晶和枝状晶,为α晶型,初始储能模量分别为3.921GPa和4.486GPa,110℃退火60s结晶后的热变形温度分为127.1℃和121.1℃。     

非晶态材料分相机理的理论探讨

从经典的形核生长动力学和Ｃａｈｎ的调幅分解线性动力学理论出发，经数学推导得到如下结论：在分相的扩散阶段初期，按调幅分解机理进行的分相过程，其不均区域尺寸与时间的关系没有一定的规律。     

X80管线钢微孔洞形核

利用扫描电镜和透射电镜等手段,观察了X80管线钢中的夹杂物和MA岛,获得了它们的尺寸统计特征.应用不同颈缩程度的拉伸试验,探明了X80管线钢中微孔洞萌生的机理：第一阶段微孔洞的形核是围绕钙处理夹杂物,在颈缩初期已经开始;第二阶段属高应变量阶段,此时孔洞是通过MA岛/基体界面脱离形核.通过有限元法分析了拉伸过程,确定了试样的真实应力--应变曲线,计算了钙处理夹杂物/基体界面强度和MA岛/基体界面强度.     

La掺杂BaTiO3陶瓷的制备与性质(Ⅰ)--非均匀形核表面淀积包覆法

以La(NO3)3为La源,采用非均匀形核淀积法在水热法合成的BaTiO3粉体表面包覆La(OH)3．根据溶度积理论计算非均匀形核淀积包覆工艺的pH值,并通过控制溶液的pH值,获得化学计量配比(Ba1-3x/2／Lax)TiO3的La表面包覆BaTiO3粉体和陶瓷．文中讨论了La包覆量对已包覆了SiO3的BaTiO3粉体的烧结特性、相结构、陶瓷电阻率、介电系数-温度特性的影响．实验结果表明：采用非均匀形核淀积包覆方法,容易获得均相、化学计量比的La改性BaTiO3陶瓷;随着La2O3掺杂量的增加,BaTiO3陶瓷的居里温度向低温方向移动,居里温度与La2O3掺杂量之间呈线性关系;而使BaTiO3陶瓷半导化所需要的La的掺杂量较采用氧化物固相反应法的高。     

Microstructure, crystallography and nucleation mechanism of NANOBAIN steel

The microstructure of bainite ferrite in NANOBAIN steel transformed at different temperatures was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron back-scattered diffraction, and vickers hardness tester in detail. It is found that the average width of bainitic ferrite (BF) plates can be refined to be thinner with the reduction of temperature (473–573 K), and the bainitic ferrite plates can reach up to 20–74 nm at 473 K. Crystallographic analysis reveals that the bainitic ferrite laths are close to the Nishiyama-Wasserman orientation relationship with their parent austenite. Temperature shows a significant effect on the variant selection, and a decrease in temperature generally weakens the variant selection. Thermodynamic analyses indicates that the Lacher, Fowler and Guggenheim (LFG) model is more suitable than the Kaufman, Radcliffe and Cohen (KRC) model dealing with NANOBAIN steel at a low temperature range. The free energy change ΔGγ→BF is about ?1500 J·mol?1 at 473 K, which indicates that nucleation in NANOBAIN steel is the shear mechanism. Finally, the formation of carbon poor regions is thermodynamically possible, and the existence of carbon poor regions can greatly increase the possibility of the shear mechanism.     

410S铁素体不锈钢的静态再结晶行为

通过不同温度-时间的再结晶实验,研究热轧态铁素体不锈钢410S的再结晶行为.结果表明,对于竹节状铁素体+马氏体(质量分数约30%)的410S热轧态变形组织,为防止马氏体的再度出现以及加快再结晶过程的综合考虑,其最佳再结晶退火温度为780~800℃.在此温度下所发生的再结晶,均有一个2~5 h的孕育期,当再结晶体积分数达到50%时,结晶速度达到最大.与试样内部相比,热轧态410S板材的再结晶晶粒更易于在表面形成.经过再结晶的410S硬度从初始的86.5 HRB下降到66.5 HRB,硬度降低25%.     

GaN纳米线的成核及生长机制研究

报道了利用CVD方法研究GaN纳米线的成核和生长机理的最新结果,着重强调了生长温度和催化剂对纳米线生长的影响。通过分析GaN纳 米线的形貌、显微结构与生长温度、催化剂等影响因素之间的依赖关系,详细研究了GaN纳米线的生长过程。这一结果有助于了解一维纳米结构的生长机理,实现纳米材料的可控制生长,并有可能直接应用于GaN纳米器件的制备。     

高速钢中形核—长大动态再结晶

详细研究了高速钢中形核—长大方式动态再结晶时形核机制、长大过程，描述了各阶段的组织特征。分析了第二相析出对这一过程的影响。     

丙烯酸酯/双官能团共单体无皂乳液聚合的成粒机理

研究了少量聚乙二醇马来酸单酯钠盐（ＺＡ－６）存在下，ＭＭＡ／ＢＡ无皂乳液聚合成粒过程，发现聚合初期产生的初级粒子消失后，２次周期性地产生小粒子，经分析，是新的成核作用产生的，特称为周期成核现象，表明在聚合的中晚期，成核过程并未真正结束，百是处于成核一聚并的动态平衡之中。     

Simulation of sub-micron particle formation and growth during combustion processes

Sub-micron particle formation and growth during combustion processes is very complex because of its strong uncertainty and randomness. A model to simulate the sub-micron particle formation and growth during the combustion process is developed based on the gas kinetic theory and is expressed by the vapor concentration changes and particle loading changes, which reflects effect characteristics of different mechanism (nucleation, condensation and coagulation) in particle formation processes. The developed characteristic time is used to token the three mechanisms. It is thought that environmental temperature and pressure, vapor temperature and critical pressure are important factors influencing the sub-micron particle formation and growth. The sub-micron particle formation processes under different conditions are studied and the effect characteristics of these mechanisms are analyzed, which show that the nucleation, condensation,and coagulation occur simultaneously during the sub-micron particle formation and growth process. Nucleation contributes to the sub-micron particle formation, while condensation and coagulation is helpful to the growth of the particle size.