镀镍碳纳米管对Mo_2FeB_2基金属陶瓷组织与性能的影响

采用化学镀法对碳纳米管进行表面镀镍处理,再利用真空液相烧结法制备出以镀镍碳纳米管为增强体的Mo_2FeB_2基金属陶瓷复合材料,借助SEM、EDS、硬度计等研究了添加镀镍碳纳米管对Mo_2FeB_2基金属陶瓷微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加适量镀镍碳纳米管可细化Mo_2FeB_2基金属陶瓷组织并控制其孔洞尺寸及数量,显著提高其硬度及断裂韧性。当镀镍碳纳米管添加量为0.5%时,所得试样的晶粒最为细小,晶粒尺寸大约为1.2μm,材料的力学性能最佳,其硬度和断裂韧性分别达到1228.4HV0.3及15.90MPa·m12,相应增韧机制为裂纹偏转、桥接增韧、撕裂棱增韧和微孔洞增韧。     

Evolution of ferronickel particles during the reduction of low-grade saprolitic laterite nickel ore by coal in the temperature range of 900–1250℃with the addition of CaO–CaF2–H3BO3

The method of producing ferronickel at low temperature(1250–1400℃)has been applied since the 1950s at Nippon Yakin Kogyo,Oheyama Works,Japan.Limestone was used as an additive to adjust the slag composition for lowering the slag melting point.The ferronickel product was recovered by means of a magnetic separator from semi-molten slag and metal after water quenching.To increase the efficiency of magnetic separation,a large particle size of ferronickel is desired.Therefore,in this study,the influences of CaO,CaF₂,and H₃BO₃ additives on the evolution of ferronickel particle at≤1250℃were investigated.The experiments were conducted at 900–1250℃with the addition of CaO,CaF₂,and H₃BO₃.The reduction processes were carried out in a horizontal tube furnace for 2 h under argon atmosphere.At 1250℃,with the CaO addition of 10 wt%of the ore weight,ferronickel particles with size of 20μm were obtained.The ferronickel particle size increased to 165μm by adding 10 wt%CaO and 10 wt%CaF₂.The addition of boric acid further increased the ferronickel particle size to 376μm,as shown by the experiments with the addition of 10 wt%CaO,10 wt%CaF₂,and 10 wt%H₃BO₃.     

镍基电极材料在超级电容器中的制备与应用

Ni因其价格低廉和对环境友好,被视为具有发展潜力的超级电容器电极材料之一;且它与其他电极材料复合可以有效阻止团聚反应的发生,能大大改善材料的电化学性能。近年来Ni的（氢）氧化物与碳材料、聚合物等复合制备新的电极材料已经成为储能领域研究的热点。介绍了Ni的化合物作为电极材料储能的机制以及在复合电极材料中的应用,综述了近年来国内外报道的各类镍基复合电极材料的研究进展,并对其今后的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Preparation of NiO nanoparticles from Ni（OH）2-NiCO3-4H2O precursor by mechanical activation

A mechanical activation process was introduced as a facile method for producing nickel oxide nanopowders. The precursor compound Ni（OH）2-NiCO3-4H2O was synthesized by chemical precipitation. The precursor was milled with NaCl diluent. A high-energy ball milling process led to decomposition of the precursor and subsequent dispersal in NaCl media. Nickel oxide nanocrystalline powders were produced by subsequent heat treatment and water washing. Milling rotation speed, milling time, ball-to-powder ratio （BPR）, and nickel chlo-ride-to-precursor ratio were introduced as influential parameters on the wavelength of maximum absorption （λmax）. The effects of these pa-rameters were investigated by the Taguchi method. The optimum conditions for this study were a milling rotation speed of 150 r/min, a mill-ing time of 20 h, a BPR of 15/1, and a NaCl-to-powder weight ratio （NPR） of 6/1. In these conditions,λmax was predicted to be 292 nm. The structural properties of the samples were determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive spectrometry.     

氢氧化镍纳米片的制备及其超级电容性能

以尿素和氯化镍为原料,采用水热法制备了泡沫镍载Ni(OH)2纳米片电极,利用扫描电镜(SEM)观测了纳米片的形貌,利用X-射线衍射(XRD)分析了纳米片的结构,通过循环伏安和恒流充放电测试了电极的超级电容性能.检测结果表明:所制备的Ni(OH)2纳米片先构成一种交错连接的线状结构,再以线的形式均匀而密集地覆盖在泡沫镍的骨架上.这种特殊结构使得该纳米片电极表现出良好的电容性能,在电流密度为10mA/cm2的情况下,其面积比电容为255mF/cm2.     

泵送减水剂对尾砂-棒磨砂膏体料浆和易性与充填体强度影响研究

针对金川镍矿尾砂-棒磨砂膏体在充填管道输送中存在的堵管问题,开展了泵送减水剂对膏体的和易性与充填体强度影响试验研究.首先分析了膏体物料的物化特性和颗粒级配;然后采用金川镍矿尾砂-棒磨砂膏体充填系统工业生产中的技术参数,开展了添加不同泵送减水剂添加量的充填体强度、膏体和易性以及流变特性参数测试研究.研究结果显示,当添加1%~2%的泵送减水剂,3、7和28 d强度均有显著提高.膏体的和易性随泵送减水剂添加量的增加而提高,且浓度越高,效果越显著.当膏体浓度(质量浓度)在78%~80%的范围,膏体初始剪切应力和粘滞系数均随着泵送减水剂的增加而线性减小.结合泵送减水剂对充填体强度、膏体和易性以及流变特性影响分析,并考虑膏体充填成本与采矿经济效益,确定1%的泵送减水剂为比较合理的添加量.研究结果为金川镍矿膏体充填系统料浆制备提供重要依据,已经应用于金川矿山膏体充填的工业化生产.     

粗大柱状晶纯镍热变形流变应力行为及加工图

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟机,在变形温度为950~1 150℃、应变速率为0.001~10s-1的条件下,研究了粗大柱状晶粒纯镍的热变形行为和加工图.结果表明:热压缩过程中流变应力随应变速率增大而增大,随变形温度降低而增大.流变应力与应变速率、变形温度之间的关系用Zener-Hollomon参数来描述,热变形激活能为312.4kJ/mol.基于动态材料模型(DMM)热加工图及结合合金相显微组织分析,得到纯镍较优的热加工参数:变形温度为1 060~1 120℃,应变速率为0.03~0.20s-1的蛋形区域.     

含镍废水的隔膜电解法回收工艺研究

以含有一定浓度硼酸的含镍电镀废水作为阴极液,2％的NaOH水溶液为阳极液,阴离子交换膜为隔膜材料组成隔膜电解装置,对含镍电镀废水进行了回收工艺研究。考察了电解时间、电流密度、pH值、温度及硼酸浓度对镍回收率的影响。结果表明,延长反应时间、提高电解温度、增加硼酸浓度有利于提高回收率。在电流密度为300 A／m2,pH=4,温度为35℃,硼酸浓度为25 g／L的最佳工艺条件下电解6 h,镍的回收率高达96.64％,所得镍为松枝状结构电解镍,纯度为94.69％。     

大型铁酸镍基金属陶瓷惰性电极电解腐蚀研究

采用热压法制备了D150mm×20mm的铁酸镍基金属陶瓷惰性阳极,进行100A规模电解试验·在900℃下,通以100A电流,进行了24h的电解实验,在整个过程中槽电压比较稳定,表现出良好的导电性能·对电解后阳极试样进行电子显微分析,发现电解质对阳极的腐蚀主要有两个过程:首先是AlxOyF(2y+z-3x)-z离子在阳极放电,生成的氧与阳极中的金属发生氧化反应,产生的金属氧化物溶解在电解质熔盐中;其次阳极反应生成的AlF3沉积在阳极中的空隙中·研究认为阳极腐蚀层的热膨胀系数与阳极基体不同,而引起在阳极冷却过程中表面起层、剥离的现象·初步折算的阳极腐蚀速率为18mm/a·     

淮南市山南新区土壤中镍含量分布特征及评价

为给追踪研究淮南市山南新区土壤城市化后重金属镍含量的变化提供基础数据,对该区进行了布点,采集了不同深度的土壤样品,使用盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸及高氯酸对土壤样品进行消解,用火焰原子吸收法对土壤中重金属镍的含量进行了检测.在对检测结果进行统计分析的基础上,采用多种方法对淮南市山南新区土壤中的镍进行了环境质量评价.