Redescription of Unio tumidiformis Castro, 1885 (Bivalvia,Unionidae), an endemism from the south-western Iberian Peninsula

The ground plan of the bot flies (Oestridae, part) is compared with those of Ephydroidea and Calyptratae. Comparative anatomy suggests that the bot flies are unlikely to have arisen from within Calyptratae and that their derivation from near the base of Ephydroidea is more probable. A large body of evidence is assembled to counter the theory that would place Oestridae within the Tachinidae family-group. It is shown that Hippoboscoidea is unlikely to be monophyletic. The fit of Glossinidae to the suggested ground plan profile of the Ephydroidea/bot flies is shown to be good.     

Morphine 6 glucuronide stimulates nitric oxide release in mussel neural tissues: evidence for a morphine 6 glucuronide opiate receptor subtype

We have previously demonstrated that Mytilus edulis pedal ganglia contain opiate alkaloids, i.e., morphine and morphine 6 glucuronide (M6G), as well as mu opiate receptor subtype fragments exhibiting high sequence similarity to those found in mammals. Now we demonstrate that M6G stimulates pedal ganglia constitutive nitric oxide (NO) synthase (cNOS)-derived NO release at identical concentrations and to similar peak levels as morphine. However, the classic opiate antagonist, naloxone, only blocked the ability of morphine to stimulate cNOS-derived NO release and not that of M6G. CTOP, a mu-specific antagonist, blocked the ability of M6G to induce cNOS-derived NO release as well as that of morphine, suggesting that a novel mu opiate receptor was present and selective toward M6G. In examining a receptor displacement analysis, both opiate alkaloids displaced [³H]-dihydromorphine binding to the mu opiate receptor subtype. However, morphine exhibited a twofold higher affinity, again suggesting that a novel mu opiate receptor may be present. Received 1 November 2001; received after revision 1 February 2002; accepted 1 February 2002     

海洋生物黏附蛋白研究进展

海洋附着生物粘合蛋白的研究对于生物粘合剂的开发及海洋防污行业均具有重要的意义。综述了对贻贝足丝蛋白,藤壶胶蛋白以及管栖毛虫管胶蛋白的研究进展。3种不同生物的黏附蛋白具有某些相似性,同时又各有其结构特点,对其蛋白质结构,功能及粘合机制的研究既具有重要的学术意义也具有广阔的应用前景。     

超声辅助萃取-高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定贻贝中的多环芳烃

建立了超声波辅助萃取,高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定贻贝中6种多环芳烃化合物的多残留分析方法。对荧光检测条件、色谱分离条件、萃取方式、净化条件进行了优化。在优化条件下,6种多环芳烃化合物实现良好分离,在0．002～0．5mg／L范围内呈良好线性关系,线性相关系数为0．9985-0．9995,检出限为1．0-2．0μg／kg,回收率为78％-92％,相对标准偏差为2．8％～6．3％（n=6）。结果表明：建立的超声辅助萃取-高效液相色谱荧光检测法样品前处理简单,重现性好,回收率高,适合贻贝中多环芳烃的检测。     

正圆形珠核规格与育珠蚌体长的匹配试验

报导了在三角帆蚌内脏团植入正圆形珠核与蚌体长之间的匹配实验结果。比较了不同规格的蚌体对有核珍珠留核率、成珠率、尾巴珠率、光洁度、光泽度、正圆度及珍珠等级的影响。实验结果表明,对于8.00～8.25 mm的珠核而言,植入12.0～12.2 cm的蚌体的内脏团效果比较理想。     

Demonstration of vitamin D3 metabolism inmytilus edulis

Summary Radiolabeled vitamin D₃ was converted into several polar metabolites upon incubation with tissue homogenates from the common musselMytilus edulis. Chromatographic analysis indicated that the metabolites have chromatographic mobilities different from those of known standards. The results suggest that vitamin D₃ is metabolized in mussels via pathways that differ from the vertebrate systems.Acknowledgments. The authors thank Dr Pirjo Rantamäki for the mussels and F. Hoffmann-La Roche & Co. for supplying the vitamin D₃ metabolite standards. This work was supported by a grant from the Magnus Ehrnrooth Foundation to T. K.     

3种淡水育珠蚌碱性磷酸酶（ALP）比较酶学的初步研究

分别从三角帆蚌、褶纹冠蚌、背角无齿蚌的外套膜中部分提取了一种碱性磷酸酶，并对这３种来源的ＡＬＰ进行了比活力和动力学性质的比较研究，经过相同提纯步骤后，外套膜ＡＬＰ比活顺序是褶纹冠蚌＞背角无齿蚌＞三角帆蚌；三角帆蚌ＡＬＰ作用于底物磷酸苯二钠的最适ｐＨ值为９．４０，最适温度为３７℃，米氏常数Ｋｍ为０．５３ｍ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ；褶纹冠蚌ＡＬＰ的最适ｐＨ值为９．１２，最适温度为４０℃，米氏常数Ｋｍ为１．７２ｍ     

嵊山列岛贻贝养殖种类生长发育调查

嵊山列岛贻贝养殖种类有紫贻贝、厚壳贻贝，对其的贝壳生长、体重增长、性腺发育的调查研究结果表明：1．与紫贻贝相比，厚壳贻贝生长缓慢，体长4cm以前，很难区分雌雄，9cm以前大部分显示为雄性，少量雌性，长到10cm后雌性才明显显示；2．同样个体大小的贻贝，厚壳贻贝的体重要大于紫贻贝，前期紫贻贝壳长快，厚壳贻贝壳长慢，但相比之下，后者体重增加比前者快；3．厚壳贻贝不同年龄的长势对比表明，通常年龄越大，体积的生长递增率越小，如第2年体积递增率为91．48％，到第3年则下降到49．23％，体重的生长递增率也随年龄增大而下降，如第2年体重递增率为44．83％，到第3年则下降到21．43％。最后还就该养殖渔区出现的“杂交贻贝”情况进行了讨论。     

环境钙浓度对淡水育珠蚌外套膜及珍珠囊钙代谢的影响

作者采用多种组织化学方法及等离子光谱技术,研究了不同环境钙浓度对淡水育珠蚌钙代谢的影响。发现与对照组（钙浓度约１０ｇ／ｍ＾３）相比,较高钙浓度（２０～３０／ｍ＾３）条件下三角帆蚌外套膜组织钙含量增加,外套膜内外表皮和珍珠囊上皮细胞的分泌活动旺盛;与之相反,高钙浓度条件下（３０ｇ／ｍ＾３以上）,蚌外套膜组织钙含量降低,外套膜内外表皮和珍珠囊上皮细胞的分泌活动下降。这表明环境中适宜的钙浓度可促进蚌对钙     

翡翠贻贝(Perna viridis)谷胱甘肽硫转移酶同工酶的分离纯化及部分性质研究

以翡翠贻贝（Perna viridis）消化腺为材料,经GST rap^TMFF柱亲和层析,分离纯化得到总谷胱甘肽硫转移酶。而后经DEAE离子交换层析得到三个洗脱峰M₁、M₂、M₃,分别占总蛋白含量的77%,16%,2.9%,对其进行SDS-PAGE分析,结果表明M₁可能是由分子量为25 kD的蛋白质亚基组成的同型二聚体,M₂、M₃可能为异型二聚体,M₂由25 kD和23kD两个亚基组成,M₃由27kD和23kD两个亚基组成。以1-氯-2,4-二硝基苯（CDNB）、3,4-二氯硝基苯（DCNB）、4-硝基氯化苄（NBC）、利尿酸（ETHA）4种底物对M₁、M₂、M₃进行动力学分析,发现M₁、M₂、M₃分别对ETHA、DCNB、NBC亲和力更好,Km分别为1.08mmol/L、1.51 mmol/L、0.89mmol/L,Vmax分别为54.9μmol/min/mg,40.3μmol/min/mg,19.4μmol/min/mg。