植被覆盖岩溶山峰对喀斯特城市小气候的影响

针对快速城市化背景中国南方喀斯特城市呈现的热环境问题,在桂林城区实验观测毗邻和远离茂密植被覆盖岩溶山峰样地的空气温湿度、地表温度的日变化,遥感估算岩溶山峰周围不同距离的建筑/道路地表温度的差值,估算岩溶山峰和远离岩溶山峰、较大水体的林地、草坪等地表温度的差值。结果表明,毗邻岩溶山峰的草坪和石板地面的空气温度和地表温度均分别低于远离岩溶山峰的相同类型地面的观测值,空气温度差最大值接近3.0℃,不同样地石板地面之间、草坪之间地表温度差最大值分别接近4.0、3.0℃,而空气相对湿度高于远离岩溶山峰的相同类型地表的观测值,最大差值均接近11.0%。茂密森林植被覆盖的大型岩溶山峰的地表温度与地面园林植物园大面积人工林地的数值接近,但比面积相对较小的绿化林地的数值低2.0～3.0℃,比地面远离岩溶山峰和较大水体的大面积草坪的数值低约3.5～6.0℃。在岩溶山峰周围的建筑/道路的地表温度随离开山峰边缘距离的增加而升高,当离开距离增加30 m时,在距离90 m范围内升温幅度约0.5℃,相对较显著,而超过此范围距离达到90～150 m范围时升温约0.1～0.2℃,甚微。植被覆盖的岩溶山峰对调节喀斯特城市小气候环境具有重要作用。     

Study on Dynamic Heat-moisture Transfer Properties of Summer Fabrics Using Microclimatic Method

The temporature and humidity of the microclimatic zone of summer fabrics in the course of sweating - evaporating -drying were measured with an apparatus specially made for the purpose. It is pointed out that temperature and humidity changes in quantitative perspiration evaporation process in the microclimatic zone can express the dynamic heatmoisture comfortability. Characteristic values include temperature decline speed, temperature rising speed, humidity rising speed, humidity balance value, and humidity decline speed. Fabrics with good air permeability are beneficial to improving comfortability of summer fabrics, while temperature rising speed and humidity decline speed in the microclimatic zone of thick and heavy fabrics with good hygroscopicity are relatively slow. Through comparing fabrics‘ dynamic heat-moisture curves obtained respectively with Microcllmatic Method and Heat Loss Method, the two methods are identical essentially.     

煤矸石沙障小气候效应调查研究

采用煤矸石搭设防风固沙障蔽,能改变微地形条件,降低风速,减少蒸发,改善土壤水分条件,促进植被恢复．这为沙地煤矿区的植被建设提供了科学依据,又为煤矸石的进一步处理和利用开辟了新途径